Atkinson was elected Bishop of
North Carolina on May 28, 1853, following the resignation of Bishop Ives in December the previous year. He was consecrated on October 17, 1853, by Bishops
Thomas Church Brownell,
Charles Pettit McIlvaine,
George Washington Doane,
James Hervey Otey,
George Trevor Spencer, and
John Medley. Atkinson became the
58th bishop in the Episcopal Church. As bishop, Atkinson founded a church school for boys in
Raleigh and the
Ravenscroft School in
Asheville. He urged the religious instruction of
slaves. Initially opposing secession, after the
American Civil War began, Bishop Atkinson affiliated with the Protestant Episcopal Church in the Confederate States of America. After the war, in 1866, Atkinson recommended placing the operation of black Episcopal churches fully in the hands of black clergymen, and the Diocesan Convention passed a series of resolutions doing so. Two years later, he opened the Episcopal school for blacks near Raleigh that eventually became
St. Augustine's College. In 1867, he attended the first
Lambeth Conference at
Lambeth Palace. As his health declined, Atkinson requested the election of an
assistant bishop, and
Theodore Benedict Lyman was elected to that position in 1873. Atkinson died on January 4, 1881, at his home in Wilmington; he was buried on January 7 within
St. James Episcopal Church in
Wilmington, North Carolina. The Episcopal Church of the Holy Comforter in
Charlotte is the memorial church of Bishop Thomas Atkinson. ==Notes==