Interior Minister Tran Minh Tiet served as
Minister of the Interior during the presidency of
Ngo Dinh Diem (1954–1963), and so would sit in the South Vietnamese cabinet. In 1960 Diem set up a National Security Council, designed to regularly bring together "the General Staff, the Defense Staff, the Ministry of Interior," and other officials. With regard to territorial administration, "the Ministry of Interior exercised supervision over questions of finance and supply." The Ministry's responsibilities likely ranged from issues involving police work and counterinsurgency, to civil administration of rural populations. The Interior Ministry indirectly affected land reform programs. Under Diem, an influx of army officers into the position of Province Chief across the South Vietnamese countryside unintentionally worked to weaken the civilian administration.
Chief Justice In 1968 the National Assembly, meeting in
Saigon and following the newly adopted Constitution, chose Tran Minh Tiet and eight others as the new Justices of the
Supreme Court. Only "lawyers, prosecutors, and presiding judges" had been eligible. Of those chosen, only three including Tiet had received more than 100 Assembly votes. The Assembly members had so acted despite the fact that during 1967–1968 Tiet had on occasion "been openly critical of President
Thieu and his administration". Tiet had become "known for his honesty and independence." Following the Assembly's establishment of the Supreme Court, its nine newly minted members then chose as their first Chief Justice: Tran Minh Tiet. The Republic of Vietnam's Constitution of 1967 contained provisions for the Supreme Court. It was described as "the highest court of appeal with authority to pass on the constitutionality of legislation." The Court was also to act as "the final judge of presidential elections [with the] power to outlaw political parties." The National Assembly chose the members of the Supreme Court after a screening process. "[T]he Supreme Court legally became the equal of the legislative and executive branches [under the] Constitution of 1967" but the president retained formidable powers. The "principle of executive dominance" is strong in Vietnamese politics, and presidential power usually controls.
Chau case Justice Tiet took the lead in the Supreme Court's ruling regarding the controversial case of
Trần Ngọc Châu in 1970. President Thiệu (1967–1975) had become determined to
prosecute Chau in court and then have him sent to prison, despite his
legislative immunity as a deputy in the National Assembly. Thiệu put strong political pressure on the legislature, and issued threats against its members. Consequently, Châu was arrested and then tried by a military court. The Supreme Court, however, invalidated Châu's prison sentence. One commentator opines that the case established "the supremacy of the civil over the military judiciary" and further "declared the independence of the legislative and judicial structures". Although "the Supreme Court ruled that the sentence was illegal... it did not order his release." "The Supreme Court was not by any definition a serious block to executive misuse of power, nor did its members advance such pretenses. But this transplanted
American-style institution provided an avenue of redress in the face of governmental transgressions against the Constitution. ... As Chau could testify, the subtleties of a Supreme Court declaration did not guarantee his release from prison... . ¶ [Yet] for the first time the executive [was] not absolutely supreme."
Other rulings Also in 1970 the Supreme Court, among other matters, declared that the current "austerity tax" promulgated by the Thieu regime as part of its economic policy was unconstitutional. This legal ruling forced the government "to try an equalization tax as a substitute anti-inflation measure". In another case, the Supreme Court held that "the special military field tribunals [were] unconstitutional." ==Re-education camp==