In 1910,
Robert Ingersoll Ingalls, Sr. (1882–1951) founded
Ingalls Iron Works in Titusville. (He later went on to found
Ingalls Shipbuilding in
Pascagoula, Mississippi in 1938). Since the early twentieth century Titusville has been a neighborhood of middle-class
African American families, including architect
Wallace Rayfield; Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice;
Freeman A. Hrabowski III, president of the
University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Birmingham mayor William Bell; former Birmingham Mayor Larry Langford; Birmingham city councillor
Carole Smitherman; and
Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist
Harold Jackson. In June 1993, Titusville residents took the Birmingham city government to court in an attempt to block completion by
Browning-Ferris Industries (BFI) of a garbage transfer station in their community. This action succeeded in halting the project and was widely celebrated as a grassroots victory over
environmental racism. The neighborhood includes a high school, the Ullman High School, a public park, Memorial park, and several churches, including
Westminster Presbyterian Church, where Condoleezza Rice's father and grandfather were pastors. ==References==