at the refuge The refuge is home to 48 mammal species, 31 of which are terrestrial and 17 marine. More than 150,000
caribou from two herds, the Nushagak Peninsula and the Mulchatna, make use of refuge lands, which they share with
wolf packs,
moose,
brown and
black bear,
coyote,
Canadian lynx,
Arctic fox,
muskrat,
wolverine,
red fox,
marmot,
beaver,
marten, two species of
otter, and
porcupine, among other land mammals.
Seals,
sea lions,
walrus and
whales are found at various times of year along the refuge's of coastline. Within the refuge, the waters produce over 3 million
Chinook,
sockeye,
coho,
pink, and
chum salmon. Not including the five species of salmon that inhabit the region, there are 27 species found in the waters, including
Dolly Varden,
Arctic grayling, and
rainbow trout. The region's salmon are a primary subsistence source for locals, and provide a very important commercial and recreational fishery. Some 201 species of birds have been sighted on Togiak Refuge. Threatened species can occasionally be found here, including
Steller's and
spectacled eiders. Several arctic goose species frequent the refuge, along with
murres, seven species of
owls,
peregrine falcons,
dowitchers,
Lapland longspurs and a rich variety of other
seabirds,
waterfowl,
shorebirds,
songbirds and
raptors. Refuge staff and volunteers have also documented more than 500 species of plants, demonstrating a high degree of biodiversity for a sub-arctic area. ==See also==