TOI-1338

The circumbinary planet TOI-1338 b was found in July 2019 by Wolf Cukier, a 17-year-old high school student who joined the Goddard Space Flight Center as a summer intern. The acronym TOI stands for "TESS Objects of Interest." Cukier studied data provided by volunteers of the Planet Hunters citizen science project, looking through data that had been flagged as an eclipsing binary. Cukier and six of the Planet Hunter volunteers are co-authors of the publication regarding the planet. In June 2023, a second circumbinary planet within the system was announced to have been discovered, named BEBOP-1c. It was supported by Charli XCX and Caroline Polachek. == Stellar binary ==

for TOI-1338, plotted from TESS satellite data. The inset plots show the primary and secondary eclipses on an expanded scale. TOI-1338 is a single-lined spectroscopic binary system, consisting of an F8 star and a red dwarf of spectral type M. The system has an age of 4.4 billion years. The two stars with masses of 1.13 and 0.313 revolve around each other every 14.6 days. The red dwarf is about nine magnitudes fainter than the primary star and cannot be detected in the spectrum. The orbit of the two stars is inclined at 89.7° to the plane of the sky (so edge-on) and both primary and secondary eclipses can be observed, although the brightness changes are very small. The primary eclipse occurs when the hotter primary star is partially occulted by the cooler secondary. It lasts about five hours and the brightness decreases by about 4%. The secondary eclipses occur when the cooler star is occulted by the hotter star. They also last about five hours but the brightness drops by less than half a percent. ==Planetary system==

The planet TOI-1338 b is between Neptune and Saturn in size, and has an orbit that is within ~1° coplanar with the binary. TOI-1338 c, or BEBOP-1c, is a gas giant about 75 times the mass of Earth. It is also coplanar (or nearly so) with the binary stars and planet b. ==See also==