Tombulu language

Below are the list of villages that historically speaks bahasa Tombulu: Kota Tomohon • Sarongsong • Uluindano • Wailan • Kayawu • Woloan • Tara-Tara • Rurukan • Pinaras • Kumelembuai • Pangolombian • Lahendong • Tondangow Minahasa Regency (Pineleng District) • Sea • Pineleng • Warembungan • Lotta • Kali (Tombulu District) • Koka • Tikela • Sawangan • Kamangta • Tombuluan • Kembes • Rumengkor • Suluan (Mandolang District) • Agotey • Koha • Tateli (Tombariri District) • Mokupa • Tanawangko • Senduk • Poopoh • Kumu • Teling (Sonder District) • Sawangan • Rambunan Early settlers of Kapoya and Wuwuk village near Tumpaan traditionally were Tombulu speakers as they were part of an ancient Negri Sarongsong. There are also villages that are around Bolaang Mongondow Regency whose ancestors speaks Tombulu such as Rara'atean Village, whose ancestors are from Pangolombian, Kosio Village, whose ancestors are from Woloan, and Mariri Lama Village, whose ancestors are from Tombariri. All of these five villages no longer speaks Tombulu Language or aware that their ancestors originally speak Tombulu. == Phonology ==

Consonants Vowels == Vocabulary ==

The Tombulu language is unique among the Minahasan languages in its pronunciation of the letter . In the other four Minahasan languages the letter is pronounced as is, but in Tombulu it is pronounced like the of the English language. For example: , meaning 'white', would be pronounced as ''''. Numerals == Phrases & examples ==

The Tombulu language is in critical need of revitalization. It is not being spoken as a first language in highly populated areas such as Tomohon, Pineleng, and Tanawangko. Traditionally Tombulu-speaking villages such as Woloan, Tara-Tara, Lolah, and Lemoh are not so today. The Board of Education of the Indonesian government has not offered any help either to the Tombulu language or any other local languages that are in decline. It is responsible for the removal of the from the daily curriculum of all grade schools across the nation in the past few years. , if available, is a daily class which most provinces in Indonesia use to teach the new generations the local languages and culture. Tombulu is still spoken in villages such as Kayawu, Rurukan, Kumelembuai, Pinaras, Suluan, Kembes, Tombuluan, Rumengkor, Kali, Tondangow, Sawangan, and Rambunan all the way to the children. One Sunday on every month, Tombulu language is used in sermon in its local churches. At the beginning of 2013, an Indonesian-Tombulu dictionary was first released. A New Testament version of the Bible in Tombulu language was released in November 2018. ==References==