Tonus peregrinus

As a reciting tone the does not fit in any of the original eight church modes, because a verse recited in this tone has a different tenor note in the first half of the verse from the second half of the verse. It is this diversion from a single recitation note which gives the name , literally "wandering". Traditionally, the tenor note in the first half of a verse sung according to the is a tone higher than the tenor note in the second half of the verse. Also usually the last note of a melodic formula is a perfect fifth below the first tenor note. ==History==

In Gregorian chant the existed before the modal system was expanded beyond the eighth mode. Later the ninth tone became associated with the ninth mode, or Aeolian mode, which, in a more modern understanding of harmony, can be equalled with a standard minor mode. The is an exceptional reciting tone in Gregorian chant: there it was most clearly associated with Psalm 113 (in the Vulgate numbering), traditionally sung in vespers. In Lutheranism, the is associated with the Magnificat (also usually sung in vespers): the traditional setting of Luther's German translation of the Magnificat ("") is a German variant of the . ==Musical settings==

variants appear in: • "Suscepit Israel" from the Magnificat in D major by Johann Sebastian Bach • Requiem by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (used in the Introit) • Miserere Mei, Deus by Gregorio Allegri • Sonata No. 4, Op. 98, by Josef Rheinberger (harmonized version is used as the second theme in the opening movement) ==References==