Transact-SQL

Transact-SQL provides the following statements to declare and set local variables: DECLARE, SET and SELECT. DECLARE @var1 NVARCHAR(30); SET @var1 = 'Some Name'; SELECT @var1 = Name FROM Sales.Store WHERE CustomerID = 100; ==Flow control==

Keywords for flow control in Transact-SQL include BEGIN and END, BREAK, CONTINUE, GOTO, IF and ELSE, RETURN, WAITFOR, and WHILE. IF and ELSE allow conditional execution. This batch statement will print "It is the weekend" if the current date is a weekend day, or "It is a weekday" if the current date is a weekday. (Note: This code assumes that Sunday is configured as the first day of the week in the @@DATEFIRST setting.) IF DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 7 OR DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 1 PRINT 'It is the weekend.'; ELSE PRINT 'It is a weekday.'; BEGIN and END mark a block of statements. If more than one statement is to be controlled by the conditional in the example above, we can use BEGIN and END like this: IF DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 7 OR DATEPART(dw, GETDATE()) = 1 BEGIN PRINT 'It is the weekend.'; PRINT 'Get some rest on the weekend!'; END; ELSE BEGIN PRINT 'It is a weekday.'; PRINT 'Get to work on a weekday!'; END; WAITFOR will wait for a given amount of time, or until a particular time of day. The statement can be used for delays or to block execution until the set time. RETURN is used to immediately return from a stored procedure or function. BREAK ends the enclosing WHILE loop, while CONTINUE causes the next iteration of the loop to execute. An example of a WHILE loop is given below. DECLARE @i INT; SET @i = 0; WHILE @i ==Changes to DELETE and UPDATE statements==

In Transact-SQL, both the DELETE and UPDATE statements are enhanced to enable data from another table to be used in the operation, without needing a subquery: • DELETE accepts joined tables in the FROM clause, similarly to SELECT. When this is done, the name or alias of which table in the join is to be deleted from is placed between DELETE and FROM. • UPDATE allows a FROM clause to be added. The table to be updated can be either joined in the FROM clause and referenced by alias, or referenced only at the start of the statement as per standard SQL. This example deletes all who have been flagged in the table with the 'idle' flag. DELETE u FROM users AS u INNER JOIN user_flags AS f ON u.id = f.id WHERE f.name = 'idle'; ==BULK INSERT==

BULK is a Transact-SQL statement that implements a bulk data-loading process, inserting multiple rows into a table, reading data from an external sequential file. Use of BULK INSERT results in better performance than processes that issue individual INSERT statements for each row to be added. Additional details are available in MSDN. ==TRY CATCH==

Beginning with SQL Server 2005, Microsoft introduced additional TRY CATCH logic to support exception type behaviour. This behaviour enables developers to simplify their code and leave out @@ERROR checking after each SQL execution statement. -- begin transaction BEGIN TRAN; BEGIN TRY -- execute each statement INSERT INTO MYTABLE(NAME) VALUES ('ABC'); INSERT INTO MYTABLE(NAME) VALUES ('123'); -- commit the transaction COMMIT TRAN; END TRY BEGIN CATCH -- roll back the transaction because of error ROLLBACK TRAN; END CATCH; ==See also==