2009 Henry Davis incident In September 2009, officers mistakenly arrested Henry Davis based on an outstanding warrant for another man with the same name. While in custody, Davis was beaten by four officers. Davis was charged with "property damage" supposedly for bleeding on the officers' uniforms. Davis had been arrested on suspicion of driving under the influence. Davis later pleaded guilty to two reduced charges and filed a lawsuit against the officers and the department. On July 28, 2015, an appeals court ruled that Davis could continue his excessive-force suit against the Ferguson Police Department.
Hiring issue Between July 2009 and December 2010, the department hired a police officer who had previously been fired from the
St. Louis County Police Department after being accused of assaulting two minors, one a 12-year-old girl, with his service weapon. The officer was acquitted of the charges in 2010. A state commission found the man had committed "a criminal act".
2011 death of Jason Moore In September 2011, a Ferguson police officer used a TASER device on Jason Moore. After Moore ran down the street yelling and pounding on cars, the officer used the TASER device on him. When Moore tried to get up from the ground, the officer used the TASER twice more and Moore then stopped breathing. He died of a heart attack. On November 4, 2016, a federal jury awarded $3 million to the family. Although the city initially appealed the jury verdict, it later agreed on February 1, 2017 to pay the full amount to settle the lawsuit and end the case.
2014 shooting of Michael Brown and unrest On August 9, 2014, Michael Brown, an unarmed teenager, was fatally shot by Ferguson police officer Darren Wilson after Brown failed to heed directions to stop and started charging Officer Wilson. Brown attacked the officer, fracturing the officer's skull and struggle for control of the officer's service weapon. Brown was shot while facing the officer according to FBI reports. Chief of Police Tom Jackson claimed in a news conference that Brown had been a suspect in a "strong-arm" robbery, but later stated that the robbery was not connected to Officer Wilson's interaction with Brown. The later Department of Justice investigation later described Officer Wilson as having heard the description of the robbery and suspect before he encountered Brown, although Officer Wilson could not recount the specifics of what he heard. Both peaceful protests and
civil disorder began following Brown's shooting and lasted for several days. Police grappled with establishing curfews and maintaining order, inciting further unrest. On August 10, a day of memorials began peacefully, but some crowd members became unruly after an evening candlelight vigil. Chief of Police Tom Jackson drew criticism for his department's release of information about Brown's death, which was described by the
Associated Press as "infrequent" and "erratic", as well as for the aggressive response to the unrest. Jackson said that his top priority in Ferguson was race relations and committed to reach across the racial, economic, and generational divides in the community to find solutions, and said he welcomed the
Justice Department training on racial relations between police and the residents, in which two-thirds of the residents are black and all but three of the police force's fifty-three officers are white. Six weeks after the incident, a press relations firm released a video in which Jackson apologized to Brown's family for taking too long to remove Brown's body from the street, and to the peaceful protesters who felt they couldn't exercise their Constitutional rights, saying that "For any mistakes I've made, I take full responsibility". He also said that he was truly sorry for the loss of their son. An attorney for Brown's family responded that the apology came at a time in which trust in Jackson "has reached an irreversible low". On ,
Amnesty International published a report detailing
human rights abuses by Ferguson police. The report cited the use of lethal force in Brown's death, racial discrimination and excessive use of police force, imposition of restrictions on the rights to protest, intimidation of protesters, the use of tear gas,
rubber bullets, and
long range acoustic devices, restrictions imposed on the media covering the protests, and lack of accountability for law enforcement policing protests. A grand jury declined to indict Wilson which led to further protests, some of which were violent. This incident and the aftermath resulted in world-wide criticism of police tactics and highlighted racism in the United States.
Justice Department investigation and report In September 2014, the United States Justice Department initiated a
civil rights investigation to examine concerns about the Ferguson Police Department's practices, as well as reviewing its internal investigations of
use of force during the preceding four years. Jackson said he welcomed the investigation. Internal City of Ferguson e-mails indicated that town officials have been viewing the department as a revenue source. An article in
The Washington Post highlighted key insights gleaned from the report, which they describe as "scathing", including: • The city's practices were shaped by revenue rather than by public safety needs. • A single missed, late or partial payment of a fine could mean jail time. • Arrest warrants were "almost exclusively" used as threats to push for payments. • The 67% of African Americans in Ferguson account for 93% of arrests made from 2012–2014. • The disproportionate number of arrests, tickets and use of force stemmed from "at least in part, because of unlawful bias," rather than black people committing more crime. • Officers used canines in law enforcement, but in every dog bite incident reported, the person bitten was Black. • From October 2012 to October 2014, every time a person was arrested for "resisting arrest," that person was Black. The
Los Angeles Times published a piece addressing a municipal code called "manner of walking along roadway" described in the report. This code is designed to require pedestrians to walk on the sidewalks or on the side of the road, but according to the report, Ferguson police used the code to harass Blacks, with African Americans accounting for 95% of "manner of walking along roadway" charges from 2011 to 2013. The town imposes the highest fines in the region for violations of "manner of walking." VOX summarized key findings in the report, including police and municipal officials sending racist emails, police arresting Black residents when they were trying to care for loved ones who were hurt, officers abusing their power and disregarding the law as part of the department's culture while supervisors supported them, and the police department's using race to dictate who would be stopped and the level of force used against them. Chief Jackson resigned on March 11, 2015, following the release of the Justice Department report and the firing of five Ferguson city officials and police officers. His resignation became effective March 19, when
Lieutenant Colonel Al Eickhoff took over as acting chief. The decision to let Jackson resign rather than be fired is controversial, particularly since his contract was to expire in March anyway and his resignation guaranteed him one year of pay and one year's continuation of his paid health insurance. ==References==