Chacon (2014) There are two dozen Tucanoan languages. There is a clear binary split between Eastern Tucanoan and Western Tucanoan. •
Tucanoan • Western Tucanoan • ?
Cueretú (Kueretú) • Napo •
Orejón ( M'áíhɨ̃ki, Maijiki, Coto, Koto, Payoguaje, Payaguá, Payowahe, Payawá) • Correguaje–Secoya •
Correguaje (Koreguaje, Korewahe, Caquetá) • Siona–Secoya (Upper Napo, Baicoca–Siecoca) • ?
Macaguaje ( Kakawahe, Piohé) •
Siona (Bai Coca, Sioni, Pioje, Pioche-Sioni, Tetete) •
Secoya (Sieko Coca, Airo Pai, Piohé) • ?
Tama • Eastern Tucanoan • South •
Tanimuca ( Retuarã) • ?
Yauna (Jaúna, Yahuna, Yaúna) • West • Barasana–Macuna •
Macuna ( Buhagana, Wahana, Makuna-Erulia, Makuna) •
Barasana (Southern Barasano, Paneroa, Eduria, Edulia, Comematsa, Janera, Taibano, Taiwaeno, Taiwano) • Cubeo–Desano •
Cubeo (Cuveo, Kobeua, Kubewa) • Yupua–Desano • ?
Yupuá •
Desano–
Siriano ( Desano) • East • Central •
Tucano (Tukana, Dasea) • Waimaha–Tatuyo •
Waimajã ( Bara, Northern Barasano) •
Tatuyo • North • Kotiria–Piratapuyo •
Guanano (Wanana, Wanano, Kotedia, Kotiria, Wanana-Pirá) •
Piratapuyo ( Waikina, Uiquina) • Pisamira–Yuruti •
Pisamira–
Carapano (Carapana, Karapana) • Tuyuca–Yuruti •
Tuyuka (Tejuca, Teyuka, Tuyuca, Bara, Barasana) •
Yurutí Plus unclassified
Miriti. Most languages are, or were, spoken in Colombia.
Jolkesky (2016) Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016): ( = extinct) •
Tukano • Tukano, Western •
Kueretu • Tukano, Western, Nuclear •
Mai Huna • Koreguaje-Pioje • Koreguaje-Tama •
Koreguaje •
Tama • Pioje (Baicoca–Siecoca) •
Makaguaje •
Sekoya •
Siona •
Tetete • Tukano, Eastern •
Tanimuka;
Retuarã;
Yahuna • Tukano, Eastern, West • Kubeo-Desano •
Kubeo • Desano-Yupua •
Desano;
Siriano •
Yupua •
Makuna;
Barasano;
Eduria • Tukano, Eastern, East • Tukano-Tatuyo •
Tukano • Tatuyo-Bara-Waimaha •
Tatuyo •
Bara;
Waimaha • Tuyuka-Wanano • Wanano-Piratapuyu •
Wanano •
Piratapuyo • Tuyuka-Karapanã •
Karapanã;
Pisamira •
Tuyuka;
Yuruti Loukotka (1968) Below is a full list of Tucanoan language varieties listed by
Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties. ;Western group •
Tama - spoken on the
Yarú River and
Caguán River, Caquetá territory, Colombia, but now perhaps extinct. •
Coreguaje - spoken at the sources of the
Caquetá River, department of Cauca, Colombia. •
Amaguaje /
Encabellado /
Rumo - extinct language once spoken on the
Aguarico River,
department of Loreto, Peru. •
Siona /
Zeona /
Ceño /
Kokakañú - language spoken at the sources of the
Putumayo River and
Caquetá River, Putumayo territory, Colombia. •
Ificuene - spoken between the
Güepi River and
Aguarico River, Loreto. (Unattested.) •
Eno - language spoken by a few individuals at the mouth of the
San Miguel River, Caquetá territory, Colombia. (Unattested.) •
Secoya - language spoken on the
Putumayo River, Oriente province, Ecuador. (Johnson and Peeke 1962.) •
Icaguate - extinct language once spoken on the
Caucaya River and
Putumayo River, Putumayo territory, Colombia. •
Macaguaje - spoken in the same territory on the
Mecaya River and
Caucaya River and around
Puerto Restrepo, by a few families. •
Tetete /
Eteteguaje - extinct language once spoken at the sources of the
Güepi River, Loreto. (Unattested.) •
Pioje /
Angotero /
Ancutere - spoken on the
Napo River,
Tarapoto River, and
Aguarico River, Loreto. •
Cóto /
Payoguaje - spoken at the mouth of the
Napo River, Loreto, Peru. ;Yahuna group •
Yahuna /
Jaúna - spoken on the
Apoporis River, territory of Amazonas, Colombia. •
Tanimuca /
Opaina - spoken by a small tribe on the
Popeyaca River and
Guacayá River, Amazonas, Colombia. •
Dätuana - spoken north of the preceding tribe on the
Apoporis River. •
Menimehe - spoken by a very little known tribe at the mouth of the
Mirití-paraná River and
Caquetá River. (Unattested.) ;Yupua group •
Yupua /
Hiupiá - spoken on the
Coca River, a tributary of the
Apoporis River, Colombia. •
Kushiita - once spoken at the mouth of the
Apoporis River, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Now perhaps extinct. (Unattested.) •
Durina /
Sokó - spoken on the
Carapato River, Amazonas territory, Colombia. ;Coretu group •
Coretu /
Kueretú - spoken on the
Mirití-paraná River, state of Amazonas, Brazil. ;Cubeo group •
Cubeo /
Kobéua /
Kaniwa /
Hahanana - spoken on the
Caiarí River and
Cuduiarí River, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Dialects are: •
Dyuremáwa /
Yiboia-tapuya - spoken on the
Querarí River, Amazonas. •
Bahukíwa /
Bahuna - spoken by a tribe that originally spoke a language of the Arawak stock, on the
Cuduiarí River. •
Hehénawa - spoken on the
Cuduiarí River. •
Hölöua - spoken on the
Cuduiarí River, now perhaps extinct. (Unattested.) ;Särä group •
Särä - spoken between the
Tiquié River and
Piraparaná River, Vaupés territory, Colombia. •
Ömöa - spoken at the sources of the
Tiquié River, Colombia. •
Buhágana /
Karawatana - spoken on the
Piraparaná River, Colombia. •
Macuna - spoken at the mouth of the
Apoporis River, Colombia. ;Erulia group •
Erulia /
Paboa /
Eduria - spoken on the
Piraparaná River, Colombia. •
Tsaloa - spoken on the
Piraparaná River. •
Palänoa - spoken on the middle course of the
Piraparaná River. ;Desána group •
Desána /
Wína /
Vina - spoken between the
Tiquié River and
Caiarí River, partly in Colombia and partly in Brazil. •
Chiránga /
Siriána - spoken on the
Paca-igarapé River, Colombia. ;Tucano group •
Tucano /
Tocano /
Dace /
Dagseje /
Dajseá /
Tocana - language of a large tribe that lived on the Vaupés and
Tiquié River; state of Amazonas, Brazil. •
Uaíana - on the
Caiary River, Colombia. •
Tuyuca /
Doxcapura - spoken on the
Tiquié River and
Papury River, partly in Brazil, partly in Colombia. •
Arapaso /
Koréa - extinct language once spoken on the
Yapú River, Amazonas, Brazil. The last survivors now speak only Tucano. (Unattested.) •
Waikína /
Uiquina /
Uaíkana /
Pira-tapuya - spoken on the
Papury River, Colombia. •
Uantya /
Puçá-tapuya - once spoken on the
Macú-igarapé River, Colombia. •
Bará /
Pocanga - spoken at the sources of the
Tiquié River, Colombia. •
Uasöna /
Pisa-tapuya - spoken on the
Caiary River, Colombia. •
Tsölá /
Teiuana - spoken on the
Tiquié River and
Piraparaná River, Colombia. •
Urubú-tapuyo - extinct language once spoken at the sources of the
Caiary River, Colombia. •
Pamöá /
Tatú-tapuyo - spoken at the sources of the
Papury River and on the
Tuyigarapé, Colombia. •
Patsoca /
Iuruty-tapuyo - once spoken on the
Abio River and
Apoporis River, Colombia. •
Möxdöá /
Carapana-tapuya - spoken between the
Papury River and
Caiary River, Colombia. •
Uanána /
Wanána /
Kotédia - spoken on the
Caiarí River near the
Cachoeira dos Araras, Brazil. ==Proto-language==