Ulmus pumila 'Pinnato-ramosa'

'Pinnato-ramosa' grows very vigorously, and can ultimately make a large tree, however it also has a straggling, untidy habit, producing long shoots 0.60–0.95 m in length. The leaves, which have pinnate venation, are 4–7 cm in length, ovate-lanceolate, with double-toothed margins, and finely pointed. File:U. pumila var. arborea.jpg|U. pumila var. arborea File:Ulmus pumila 'Turkestan', ex-Spath 1902. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (2).jpg|Bole of RBGE tree Image:Ulmus pinnato - ramosa (5).JPG|Bark of specimen in University of Belgrade Botanical Garden File:Leaves of Ulmus pumila 'Turkestan'.jpg|Dried leaves from 'Pinnato-ramosa', Edinburgh File:Ulmus pumila 'Turkestan', ex-Spath 1902. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (1).jpg|Long shoots of 'Pinnato-ramosa' ==Pests and diseases==

Though resistant to the earlier strain of Dutch elm disease (DED), 'Pinnato-ramosa' has not been scientifically tested for resistance to the later strain. Several old specimens have survived unscathed by the disease (see 'Notable trees'). ==Cultivation==

Dieck gave several specimens to the Späth nursery, which exported the tree across Europe, and to the USA. A specimen from Späth, incorrectly listed as Ulmus pinnato-racemosa, was planted at the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, in 1898. Some of these trees still survive, notably in the UK, and North America. Clibrans' nursery of Altrincham, Cheshire, supplied the tree in the UK in the early 20th century; the tree was later propagated and marketed by the Hillier & Sons nursery, Winchester, Hampshire from 1949, with 48 sold in the period 1962 to 1977, when production ceased. Landowners in Italy in the 1930s were advised to plant 'Pinnato-ramosa' to replace native elms lost to the earlier strain of Dutch elm disease. 'Pinnato-ramosa' is a rather loosely-branched tree, so the Nobelius introduction may have been Ulmus turkestanica Regel rather than the Siberian elm cultivar. By the 1930s, when 'Pinnato-ramosa' was being recommended as resistant to early-strain DED, The Hesse Nursery of Weener, Germany, sold an "Ulmus turkestanica Reg." in this decade, but gave U. pumila arborea Litv. as a synonym. The tree was included in the early stages of the Dutch elm breeding programme, but was dropped owing to the susceptibility of its flowers, which emerge in early February, to frost. A specimen was planted in 2015 in the Mierenbos, Wageningen. File:Khiva9.jpg|Pruned Ulmus pumila var. arborea, Khiva, Uzbekistan (2016) ==Notable trees==

In the UK, one of three trees labelled Ulmus pinnato-ramosa obtained from Späth in 1902 by the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh survives (2020), measuring 15 m height × 82 cm d.b.h. in 2004. the tree itself bears the non-specific label Ulmus 'Pinnato-ramosa' (2020). A specimen at Mote Park in Kent measured 20 m × 80 cm in 2009. Across the Atlantic, a probable 'Pinnato-ramosa' grows in the grounds of the Gillett-Beer Farm, Chicago Road, Warren, a suburb within the Detroit Metropolitan Area; the tree was 45 m tall, with a d.b.h. of 155 cm in 2012. File:Edinburgh Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland-5Dec2010.jpg|Winter silhouette of RBGE 'Pinnato-ramosa' File:Edinburgh (24420468044).jpg|'Pinnato-ramosa' in flower, RBGE File:Royal-Botanical-Gardens-Edinburgh.jpg|Emerging leaves of 'Pinnato-ramosa', RBGE File:Burrfields pumila 1 general view from east.jpg|'Pinnato-ramosa', Portsmouth, UK. 20m height, bole 3.33m girth ==Synonymy==

• U. pumila var. pinnato-ramosa • U. pumila var. arborea ==Accessions==

;North America • Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 925–83, 698–87. • Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. no. 60–317 • New York Botanical Garden, US. Acc. no. 1032/60 ;Europe • Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. National Elm Collection . Full accession details unknown. • Darmstadt University of Technology Botanic Garden, Darmstadt, Germany. Some accession details available [http://www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/cgi-bin/query_all/details.pl?id=9961&stufe=A&typ=PFL&sid=T&lang=e&pr=nix • Grange Farm Arboretum, Sutton St James, Spalding, Lincolnshire, UK. As U. pinnato-ramosa. Acc. no. 1088. • Hergest Croft Gardens Kington, Herefordshire, UK. One tree, as U. pinnato-ramosa; no accession details available. • Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK. As U. pinnato-ramosa. Acc. no. 19021006. (2021 cloned sapling as U. pumila 'Pinnato-ramosa'; same acc. no.) • Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Ampfield, UK. Acc. no. 1977.4795 (LM200), Acc. no. 1986.2511 (LM600) • Späth-Arboretum, Berlin, Germany. Acc. no 02-009. • Strona Arboretum [http://arboretum.sggw.pl/wykaz_u.html , University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. Acc. details not known • University of Copenhagen Botanic Garden, Denmark. No details available. • University of Ulm Botanic Garden, Ulm, Germany. Some accession details available ==Hybrid cultivars==

• Den Haag ('Pinnato-ramosa' × Ulmus × hollandica 'Belgica'), raised in the Netherlands in 1936. ==References==