In 1806,
Israel Crane, a prominent businessman closely associated with the development of
Montclair and
Bloomfield, obtained a charter on February 24, 1806 from the state to build the private road, in the name of the "Newark and Bloomfield Turnpike Company". Israel Crane eventually became the sole owner of the stock, and the sole operator of this toll road known as the Newark-Pompton Turnpike, which opened with four toll gates at Newark, Montclair, Pine Brook, and Singac. Because of his exclusive control of the turnpike, he was given the title "King Crane." The "Newark and Bloomfield Turnpike" made the markets of Newark and New York accessible to the farms in the northern and western portions of New Jersey. With this improved transportation Bloomfield and Montclair became commercial centers, with taverns, wheelwrights, blacksmiths and wagon makers. In 1870, the executors of Mr. Crane's estate sold the Turnpike to the
Essex County Road Board. They widened, graded and macadamized the now public highway, and gave it the name of Bloomfield Avenue. Between 1933 & 1935, the Newark-Pompton Turnpike was built into a four-lane undivided arterial to connect with
U.S. Route 46 (US 46). This was the section north of US 46 in Wayne up to what is now the exit (Overpass) by the present NJ Transit Route 23 Park/Ride Lot. A new alignment of Route 23 then continued north, removing the state highway from the rest of the Newark-Pompton Turnpike (except for a short ½ mile stretch in
Pompton Plains and Riverdale). The Highway continued on a new alignment north through Riverdale, Butler & Kinnelon, connecting to the Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike in what was once known as Smith's Mills in West Milford. During the 1980s, Route 23 was upgraded from an outmoded arterial to a modern freeway with service roads. ==Major intersections==