In 1976, corresponding with its slated independence, Tuvalu's first coins were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cents and 1 dollar. The set, designed by John Donald, features an aquatic theme. The bronze 1 and 2 cents and the
cupro-nickel 5, 10, and 20 cents were the same size, weight, and composition as the corresponding Australian coins they were set to constitute. However, the cupro-nickel 50-cent piece was distinct from the
dodecagonal (twelve-sided)
Australian 50-cent coin in that it was round with plain edges. The enneagonal (nine-sided) cupro-nickel 1 dollar piece was unique not only by its odd shape but also because it predated the
Australian 1 dollar coin by eight years. It was also issued long before the trend toward larger denomination coins became much more widespread in many countries. The nine sides on the dollar are meant to represent each of the nine islands and atolls composing the Tuvalu chain. Each of the coins depicts a sea animal that is native to the area, with the only exception to that being the 1 cent, which depicts an empty spider conch shell washed up on the shore. The 1976 series also included the introduction of Tuvalu's first silver and gold proof bullion coins. A silver 5 dollar piece and a gold 50 dollar piece. They are considered an official release and legal tender within Tuvalu. Although Australia withdrew their 1 and 2 cent coins from circulation in 1991, there was still demand for the two lower denominations in Tuvalu, so these continued to be retained well after Australia discontinued use. However, as prices and shipping costs have progressively risen, the 1 and 2 cent coins have since been withdrawn from circulation. Australia introduced a coin to replace the note in 1988, but Tuvaluan coins have never been introduced. Instead, the Australian piece circulates in place. In recent years, Tuvaluans have also taken a preference to Australia's smaller, round, brass dollar over their own large, clumsy nonagonal ones, and they are thus seen a little less often. In 1994, the
Queen's profile was changed in tandem with many other
Commonwealth states to the more recent Raphael Maklouf design. Older coins dated 1976-1985 feature the Arnold Machin design. The coins dated 1994 were minted in very limited numbers and are today valuable to collectors. After the 1994 issue, Tuvaluan coins ceased to be produced, and Australian coins were sent in their stead. However, Tuvalu coins remain as legal tender and continue to circulate alongside Australian ones. Tuvalu also issues a fair number of non-circulating bullion-type coins and colourized commemoratives. These non-circulating bullion coins are produced by the
Perth Mint, which is owned by the
Government of Western Australia. The deal between the
Government of Tuvalu (as issuing authority) and Perth Mint allows Tuvalu to receive a minimum of about $200,000 per year in royalties from the production of these coins.
Queen Elizabeth II was depicted on all coins issued by Tuvalu until 2024, when an effigy of her successor,
King Charles III, was finally approved and used for the first time on some premium bullion coins. There have been calls from some politicians to abolish
Tuvalu's monarchy and remove the sovereign's image from all future coins; however, a majority vote decided otherwise. The reverse of each coin is depicted as follows: ==Banknotes==