The Tyger

Songs of Experience was published in 1794 as a follow-up to Blake's 1789 Songs of Innocence. The two books were published together under the merged title Songs of Innocence and of Experience, showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul: the author and printer, W. Blake In some reprints, plates were arranged differently and certain poems were moved from Songs of Innocence to Songs of Experience. Of the original collection published during his life only 28 copies are known to exist, with an additional 16 published posthumously. Only five of the poems from Songs of Experience appeared individually before 1839. ==Poem==

"The Tyger" is six stanzas in length with each stanza containing four lines. The meter of the poem is largely trochaic tetrameter. A number of lines, such as line four in the first stanza, fall into iambic tetrameter. The poem is structured around questions that the speaker poses concerning the "Tyger," including the phrase "Who made thee?" These questions often repeat instances of alliteration ("frame" and "fearful") and imagery (burning, fire, eyes) to frame the arc of the poem. The first stanza opens the poem with a central line of questioning, stating "What immortal hand or eye, / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?". This direct address to the creature serves as a foundation for the poem's contemplative style as the "Tyger" cannot provide the speaker with a satisfactory answer. The second stanza questions the "Tyger" about where it was created, while the third stanza sees the focus move from the "Tyger" to its creator. The fourth stanza questions what tools were used in the "Tyger's" creation. In the fifth stanza, the speaker wonders how the creator reacted to its "Tyger" and questions the identity of the creator themselves. Finally, the sixth stanza virtually repeats the poem's first stanza but rephrases the last line, altering its meaning: rather than question who or what "could" create the "Tyger", the speaker wonders who would "dare," effectively modifying the tone of the stanza to present as more of a confrontation than a query. ==Themes and critical analysis==

"The Tyger" is the sister poem to "The Lamb" (from "Songs of Innocence"), a reflection of similar ideas from a different perspective. In "The Tyger", there is a duality between beauty and ferocity, through which Blake suggests that understanding one requires an understanding of the other. "The Tyger," as a work within the "Songs of Experience," was written as antithetical to its counterpart from the "Songs of Innocence" ("The Lamb") – antithesis being a recurring theme in Blake's philosophy and work. Blake argues that humankind's struggles have their origin in the dichotomies of existence. His poetry argues that truth lies in comprehending the contradictions between innocence and experience. To Blake, experience is not the face of evil, but rather a natural component of existence. Rather than believing in war between good and evil or heaven and hell, Blake believed that each man must first see and then resolve the paradoxes of existence and life. Colin Pedley and others have suggested that Blake may have been influenced in selecting the subject of this poem by the killing of a son of Sir Hector Munro by a tiger in December 1792. ==Musical versions==

Blake's original tunes for his poems have been lost in time, but many artists have tried to create their own versions of the tunes. • Rebecca Clarke – "The Tiger" (1929–33) • Benjamin Britten, in his song cycle Songs and Proverbs of William Blake (1965) • Marianne Faithfull, in her song "Eye Communication" (1981) from the Dangerous Acquaintances album. • Howard Frazin, in his song "The Tiger" for soprano and piano (2008), later expanded into an overture for orchestra, "In the Forests of the Night" (2009) commissioned by the Boston Classical Orchestra. • Duran Duran – "Tiger Tiger" (1983) • Greg Brown, on the album Songs of Innocence and of Experience (1986) • John Tavener – "The Tyger" (1987) • Tangerine Dream – the album Tyger (1987) • Jah Wobble – "Tyger Tyger" (1996) • Lauren Bernofsky – "The Tiger" (2002) • Kenneth Fuchs – Songs of Innocence and of Experience: Four Poems by William Blake for Baritone, Flute, Oboe, Cello, and Harp (completed 2006) • Herbst in Peking – "The Tyger and The Fly" (2014) • Qntal – "Tyger" (2014) • Mephisto Walz – "The Tyger" • Elaine Hagenberg - "Tyger" for SATB Chorus and piano (2021) Bob Dylan refers to Blake's poem in "Roll on John" (2012). Five Iron Frenzy uses two lines of the poem in "Every New Day" on Our Newest Album Ever! (1997). Joni Mitchell uses two lines in her song about the music industry, the title track of her 1998 album Taming the Tiger. ==See also==