Typhoon Faxai

On August 30, 2019, a tropical disturbance formed approximately east-northeast of Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands, and was marked as Invest 90W by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). A broad overcast obscured the system's circulation whilst thunderstorms or convection developed to the northwest of the system. The disturbance continued to stockpile deep convection over very warm sea surface temperatures of and low vertical wind shear, conditions which are conducive for further tropical cyclogenesis. By September 1, the JTWC announced a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert as the system began to develop rainbands extending to the north. The system was designated Tropical Depression 14W by the JTWC at 18:00 UTC on that same day. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) later recognize the system as a tropical depression early on September 2. As the depression passed just southwest of Wake Island, the JTWC estimated that the system had intensified into a tropical storm at 18:00 UTC, Later on September 5, the circulation moved underneath the convection. The TUTT cell to the northwest weakened on September 6, allowing poleward outflow to develop. At 06:00 UTC, Faxai attained severe tropical storm status from the JMA. Faxai later intensified into a typhoon as according to Dvorak estimates by the JTWC; the JMA did not upgrade the storm's status until 00:00 UTC of September 7. By 18:00 UTC, Faxai had attained its peak intensity; the JMA assessed 10-minute sustained winds at and the lowest barometric pressure at , The subtropical ridge steered Faxai east-northeastward after having its northwestern periphery eroded by the westerlies. In 18:00 UTC, Faxai made landfall above the Kantō Plain with 1-minute winds of . It fell below typhoon strength at 12:00 UTC. As the storm accelerated at by September 10, it embedded with the baroclinic zone, commencing the transition into an extratropical cyclone. In 18:00 UTC, the storm had transformed into a cold-core low of gale-force, with wind force that extended east of Misawa Air Base. It continued to shift east-northeastward, crossing the International Date Line on September 11, before dissipating by 18:00 UTC of that day. == Preparations ==

Prior to the storm's arrival, over 390,000 people were urged to evacuate as the storm headed towards Japan. Over 100 flights were canceled due to the storm, including 49 from Japan Airlines and 41 from All Nippon Airways. Ships that were set to depart from Tokyo Port were canceled as well. 13,300 customers at the Narita International Airport were trapped in the airport overnight. Passengers were forced to stay inside the airport, when both railways towards the city center were shut down. The airport handed out 18,000 sets of water and other utensils to customers at the airport. Highways were closed across Japan. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issued warnings for storm surge, flooding, and landslides, advising residents to avoid going outdoors. About 150,000 people across the Kanagawa, Shizuoka, and Tokyo Prefectures were sent an evacuation advisory. In addition, 2.5 million people were given instructions for preparations. Shelters were initiated across Tokyo as well. The JMA forecasted that Faxai will make landfall with winds up to . As much as of rain was predicted to fall in Tokyo. Many homes and businesses were boarded up or secured by people across the country. On September 8, the Central Japan Railway Company cancelled or suspended approximately 50 bullet train services for areas in between Tokyo and Osaka Prefecture. The East Japan Railway Company also stopped its services in Greater Tokyo in precaution of heavy rain. U.S. bases had recovery teams ready for action after Faxai made landfall. Airbases all set closures the latest one being a base at the shoreline of Tokyo Bay at 11:15 am on September 9. Due to a series of flight cancellations and suspensions, some local governments cancelled welcome events at pre-campsites for the 2019 Rugby World Cup.{{cite news|title=台風でイベント中止も＝ラグビーＷ杯の事前キャンプ地 ==Impact==

In Tokyo, beach homes had their windows and doors blown out by the storm. Two transmission towers were destroyed which left 100,000 homes and businesses without signal. A blackout across Japan left a Sony Corp, factory to shut down. The blackout stretched across the city of Tokyo with the Tokyo Electric Power Company saying that 730,000 households were without power. Winds caused damage across the area of Honshu damaging homes, knocking out power and uprooting trees. It was recorded that between 3 and 8 inches of rain fell in southeastern Honshu causing minor flooding in the area. It was said that a landslide could be triggered by Faxai, but no landslide had been reported. Faxai was linked to three deaths and a dozen injuries in Japan alone, with more than 850,000 customers without power. Fires were reported at a solar power plant after Faxai and across the Chiba Prefecture farmlands being flooded due to heavy rain across Japan. People were toppled by large wind gusts during the storm with the eyewall passing over Japan damaging many areas. A woman was killed when she was toppled by a wind gust. Transportation systems were closed when Faxai blasted the area. Faxai was recorded as one of the most powerful typhoons to impact Tokyo, with 134 mph winds being recorded in Tokyo. The Tokyo Bay grew by a few inches because of the heavy rainfall total that Faxai dropped. Metal signs were torn off of buildings, trucks were knocked down or overturned, a gas station was destroyed and a glass case was also destroyed leaving broken glass scattered through streets. Television footage showed a huge roof collapsing at a petrol station in Tateyama. ==Aftermath and retirement==

Due to the severe impact in Japan, the name Faxai was retired during the 52nd annual session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in February 2020 and will never be used again as a typhoon name. In February 2021, the Typhoon Committee subsequently chose Nongfa as its replacement name. ==See also==