Typhoon June (1975)

Typhoon June, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rosing, was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone that is tied with Typhoon Nora in 1973 as the third-most intense tropical cyclone on record. The twenty-third named storm, fourteenth typhoon and third and final super typhoon of the 1975 Pacific typhoon season, June originated from a tropical disturbance moving westward over the Caroline Islands on November 14, organizing into a tropical depression two days later. The storm initially moved slowly due to weak steering forces from the system's close proximity to the equator, but began to move northwards on November 18. Simultaneously, June began to experience explosive intensification, with the central pressure falling by 90 mbar (2.7 inHg) in 24 hours. On November 19, a weather reconnaissance aircraft from the 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the United States Air Force measured a pressure of 875 mbar (25.8 inHg) at the edge of the eye. This made June the most intense tropical cyclone observed on record at the time, surpassing the pressure measured in Typhoon Ida in 1958 and tying it with Nora in 1973. Both have since been surpassed by 2015's Hurricane Patricia and 1979's Typhoon Tip. June continued to move northward through the Philippine Sea, weakening as it did so. The storm began accelerating into the westerlies before becoming extratropical on November 24. The remnants passed over the Aleutian Islands, before being last noted over Siberia, where it ultimately dissipated.

Meteorological history

June's origins can be traced back on November 14, when a tropical disturbance formed over the island of Micronesia. Located within very weak steering currents initially, the disturbance did not move much and meandered slowly westward, gradually before consolidating into a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on November 16, about south of Guam. A sprawling storm, satellite data suggested the cyclone intensified into a tropical storm shortly afterwards about six hours later, with the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) assigning it the name June. June temporarily plateaued in intensity during the next day, before unfavorable conditions caused the typhoon to resume weakening, falling below Category 5-equivalent intensity on November 21. Accelerating north and then northeast into the westerlies at forward speeds up to , more pronounced weakening took place as June began losing tropical characteristics due to very strong wind shear. June became extratropical on November 22, and the JTWC issued their last advisory. The remnants of June then turned northwards, affecting the Aleutian Islands, and then far northeastern Siberia before it was last noted over that region on November 23. == Preparations and impact ==

Preparations and impact

Guam June never made a direct landfall and damage was relatively limited. However, June passed nearly west of Guam, which was enough to cause some preparations to be taken. Approximately 3,200 residents on the island were reported to have taken shelter in centers set up for evacuation purposes. At the Andersen Air Force Base, a peak wind gust of was reported. Storm surge caused severe damage to portions of a highway between the villages of Merizo and Umatac. More severe and localized damage, the worst observed from the typhoon, was observed in Mangilao, where several homes were destroyed, and many others had roofs damaged or torn off. Power poles and cars were among the things that were reported to be damaged. 29 people were reported to have ended up homeless as a result of June's impacts. Total damages were reported to be $1.3 million, with damages to crops account for 38% of the total damage. No deaths occurred as a result of June. Yap On the island of Yap, severe damage was reported in Eauripik Atoll, with descriptions of "a sizable portion" of the island being washed away by storm surge. Property damage and crop damage was also observed on the island as well. Multiple other low-lying atolls or islands in Yap also reported similar results. As with the island of Guam, no deaths occurred in Yap. == Records and distinctions ==

Records and distinctions

Measurements from aircraft belonging to the 54th Weather Reconnaissance Squadron of the United States Air Force measured a central pressure of at the edge of the eye. This made June the most intense tropical cyclone ever observed on record at the time, surpassing the pressures measured in Typhoon Ida in 1958 and Typhoon Nora in 1973, until the record was surpassed by Typhoon Tip in 1979 with a minimum central pressure of 870 hPa, and Hurricane Patricia in 2015 with a minimum central pressure of 872 hPa, making June the third most intense tropical cyclone recorded. ==See also==

Source: Wikipedia ↗

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