The United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island was established on June 23, 1790, by . Congress authorized one judgeship for the Court, and assigned the district to the Eastern Circuit. On February 13, 1801, the outgoing
lame duck Federalist-controlled Congress passed the controversial
Judiciary Act of 1801 which reassigned the District of Rhode Island to the First Circuit. The incoming Congress repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, but in the
Judiciary Act of 1802, Congress again assigned the District of Rhode Island to the First Circuit. A second seat on the Court was created on March 18, 1966, by . A third seat was added on July 10, 1984, by . == Current judges ==