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Ultra-cool dwarf

An ultra-cool dwarf is a stellar or sub-stellar object that has an effective temperature lower than 2,700 K. This category of dwarf stars was introduced in 1997 by J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Todd J. Henry, and Michael J. Irwin. It originally included very low mass M-dwarf stars with spectral types of M7 but was later expanded to encompass stars ranging from the coldest known to brown dwarfs as cool as spectral type T6.5. Altogether, ultra-cool dwarfs represent about 15% of the astronomical objects in the stellar neighborhood of the Sun. One of the best known examples is TRAPPIST-1.

Magnetic properties
After the detection of bursts of radio emission from the M9 ultracool dwarf LP in 2001, a number of astrophysicists began observation campaigns at the Arecibo Observatory and the Very Large Array to search for additional objects emitting radio waves. To date hundreds of ultra-cool dwarfs have been observed with these radio telescopes and of these stars, more than a dozen radio-emitting ultra-cool dwarfs have been identified. These surveys indicate that approximately 5-10% of ultracool dwarfs emit radio waves. These observation campaigns identified the noteworthy 2MASS J10475385+2124234, which has a temperature of 800-900 K making it the coolest known radio-emitting brown dwarf (as of 2012). 2MASS J10475385+2124234 is a T6.5 brown dwarf that retains a magnetic field with a strength greater than 1.7 kG, making it some 3000 times more intense than Earth's magnetic field. More recent observations found an even colder ultracool dwarf with radio emission, called WISEPA J062309.94-045624.6 (T8), with a temperature of around 740 K. == References ==
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