1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections

Johnson, a War Democrat, had been elected Vice President in the 1864 presidential election as the running mate of Abraham Lincoln, a Republican. (The Republicans had chosen not to re-nominate Hannibal Hamlin for a second term as vice president). Lincoln and Johnson ran together under the banner of the National Union Party, which brought together Republicans (with the exception of some hard-line abolitionist Radical Republicans who backed John C. Frémont, who eventually dropped out of the race after brokering a deal with Lincoln) and the War Democrats (the minority of Democrats who backed Lincoln's prosecution of the war, as opposed to the Peace Democrats, or Copperheads, who favored a negotiated settlement with the Confederates). After the assassination of Lincoln, Johnson became president. He immediately became embroiled in a dispute with the Radical Republicans over the conditions of Reconstruction; Johnson favored a lenient Reconstruction, while Radical Republicans wanted to continue the military occupation of the South and force Southern states to give freedmen (the newly freed slaves) civil rights (and the right to vote). ==Campaign and results==

Johnson stumped the country in a public speaking tour known as the Swing Around the Circle; he generally supported Democrats but his speeches were poorly received. The Republicans won in a landslide, capturing enough seats to override Johnson's vetoes. Only the border states of Delaware, Maryland, and Kentucky voted for Democrats. Recently Reconstructed Tennessee sent a Republican delegation. The other 10 ex-Confederate states did not vote. As a percentage of the total number of seats available in the House of Representatives, the Republican majority attained in the election of 1866 has never been exceeded in any subsequent Congress. The Democratic Party was able to achieve similar success only in the political environment of the era of the Great Depression in the 1930s. ==Election summaries==

Seven secessionist states were readmitted during this Congress, filling 32 vacancies, but are not included in this table if they were not elected within 1866 through 1867. The party affiliations of the 4 Representatives elected in Texas's rejected elections are unknown. == Special elections ==

39th Congress • Lovell Rousseau (Unconditional Unionist) 99.0% }} • Andrew H. Ward (Democratic) 89.2% • R. R. Carpenter (Unknown) 10.8% }} • Elijah Hise (Democratic) 74.3% • P. B. Hawkins (National Union) 25.7% }} • John W. Hunter (Democratic) 54.4% • Simeon B. Chittenden (Republican) 45.6% }} 40th Congress • Jacob Golladay (Democratic) 76.6% • J. R. Curd (Republican) 13.6% • W. T. Jackman (Independent) 9.8% }} • Samuel F. Cary (Independent Republican) 52.1% • Richard Smith (Republican) 47.3% • Charles Reemelin (Democratic) 0.6% }} • George W. Woodward (Democratic) 51.2% • Winthrop W. Ketcham (Republican) 48.8% }} • James R. McCormick (Democratic) 52.7% • James H. Chase (Republican) 47.3% }} • Alexander H. Bailey (Republican) 51.5% • John Stryker (Democratic) 48.5% }} == California ==

• Samuel Beach Axtell (Democratic) 57.3% • Timothy Guy Phelps (Republican) 42.7% }} • William Higby (Republican) 52.1% • James W. Coffrot (Democratic) 47.9% }} • James A. Johnson (Democratic) 50.6% • Chancellor Hartson (Republican) 49.4% }} == Colorado Territory ==

See non-voting delegates, below. == Connecticut ==

• Richard D. Hubbard (Democratic) 51.1% • Henry C. Deming (Republican) 48.9% }} • Julius Hotchkiss (Democratic) 53.2% • Cyrus Northrop (Republican) 47.6% }} • Henry H. Starkweather (Republican) 55.4% • Earl Martin (Democratic) 44.6% }} • William Barnum (Democratic) 51.9% • P. T. Barnum (Republican) 48.0% }} == Dakota Territory ==

See non-voting delegates, below. == Delaware ==

See non-voting delegates, below. == Illinois ==

• Thomas D. Eliot (Republican) 84.17% • Matthias Elias (Democratic) 15.83% }} • Oakes Ames (Republican) 79.60% • Abijah M. Ide (Democratic) 20.40% }} • Ginery Twichell (Republican) 66.51% • William Henry Aspinwall (Democratic) 28.43% • P. R. Quincy (Workingman) 5.06% }} • Samuel Hooper (Republican) 71.29% • Joseph M. Wightman (Democratic) 28.71% }} • Benjamin Butler (Republican) 76.07% • William D. Northend (Democratic) 23.93% }} • Nathaniel P. Banks (Republican) 74.96% • Frederick O. Prince (Democratic) 25.04% }} • George S. Boutwell (Republican) 77.34% • Leverett Saltonstall (Democratic) 22.66% }} • John D. Baldwin (Republican) 82.62% • William A. Williams (Democratic) 17.38% }} • William B. Washburn (Republican) 87.06% • Levi Haywood (Democratic) 12.94% }} • Henry L. Dawes (Republican) 66.00% • Abijah W. Chapin (Democratic) 34.00% }} == Michigan ==

Missouri elected its members on November 6, 1866. • William A. Pile (Radical Union) 50.82% • John Hogan (Conservative Union) 49.18% }} • Carman Newcomb (Radical Union) 59.05% • William V. Bay (Conservative Union) 40.95% }} • Thomas E. Noell (Conservative Union) 56.49% • Albert Jackson (Radical Union) 43.51% }} • Joseph J. Gravely (Radical Union) 75.92% • John S. Waddill (Conservative Union) 24.08% }} • Joseph W. McClurg (Radical Union) 65.10% • Thomas L. Price (Conservative Union) 34.90% }} • Robert T. Van Horn (Radical Union) 52.56% • James H. Birgh (Conservative Union) 47.36% • L. S. McCoy (Unknown) 0.08% }} • Benjamin F. Loan (Radical Union) 73.33% • George A. Hawley (Conservative Union) 26.67% }} • John F. Benjamin (Radical Union) 55.60% • John M. Glover (Conservative Union) 44.40% }} • George W. Anderson (Radical Union) 50.93% • William F. Switzler (Conservative Union) 49.07% }} == Montana Territory ==

See non-voting delegates, below. == Nebraska ==

There were two elections in the new state of Nebraska in 1866: on June 6 for the remainder of the current term, and October 9 for the next term. 39th Congress • Turner M. Marquett (Republican) 50.84% • John R. Brooke (Democratic) 49.16% }} 40th Congress • John Taffe (Republican) 54.02% • Algernon Paddock (Democratic) 45.64% }} == Nevada ==

See non-voting delegates, below. == New York ==

Democrats gained one seat this election in Ohio. It was later contested and awarded to the Republican for a net gain of zero. • Benjamin Eggleston (Republican) 52.3% • George H. Pendleton (Democratic) 47.7% }} • Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) 56.2% • Theodore Cook (Democratic) 43.8% }} • Robert C. Schenck (Republican) 51.8% • Durbin Ward (Democratic) 48.2% }} • William Lawrence (Republican) 54.6% • John F. McKinney (Democratic) 45.4% }} • William Mungen (Democratic) 55.4% • Moses B. Walker (Republican) 44.6% }} • Reader W. Clarke (Republican) 53.0% • William Howard (Democratic) 47.0% }} • Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 54.3% • Thomas Miller (Democratic) 45.7% }} • Cornelius S. Hamilton (Republican) 54.3% • William P. Reid (Democratic) 45.7% }} • Ralph P. Buckland (Republican) 52.2% • Thomas P. Finefrock (Democratic) 47.8% }} • James M. Ashley (Republican) 53.4% • Henry S. Commager (Democratic) 46.6% }} • John T. Wilson (Republican) 56.2% • Oscar F. Moore (Democratic) 43.8% }} • Philadelph Van Trump (Democratic) 56.2% • Wells S. Jones (Republican) 43.8% }} • George W. Morgan (Democratic) 50.5% • Columbus Delano (Republican) 49.5% }} • Martin Welker (Republican) 53.4% • James B. Young (Democratic) 46.6% }} • Tobias A. Plants (Republican) 54.5% • Martin Dewey Follett (Democratic) 45.6% }} • John Bingham (Republican) 52.8% • Charles H. Mitchner (Democratic) 47.2% }} • Ephraim R. Eckley (Republican) 60.0% • Louis Schaefer (Democratic) 40.0% }} • Rufus P. Spalding (Republican) 64.4% • Oliver Payne (Democratic) 35.6% }} • James A. Garfield (Republican) 71.3% • David C. Coolman (Democratic) 28.7% }} == Oregon ==

Elections held late, on August 1, 1867. • Roderick R. Butler (Republican) 86.82% • James White (Conservative) 12.85% • James Powell (Republican) 0.33% }} • Horace Maynard (Republican) 78.83% • John Williams (Conservative) 21.17% }} • William B. Stokes (Republican) 83.25% • Eli G. Fleming (Conservative) 16.75% }} • James Mullins (Republican) 51.85% • Edmund Cooper (Conservative) 25.42% }} • John Trimble (Republican) 72.09% • Balie Peyton (Conservative) 24.37% • D. H. Mason (Independent Republican) 3.54% }} • Samuel M. Arnell (Republican) 77.79% • Dorsey B. Thomas (Conservative) 22.21% }} • Isaac R. Hawkins (Republican) 83.60% • William P. Coldwell (Conservative) 16.40% }} • David A. Nunn (Republican) 59.41% • John W. Leftwich (Conservative) 40.59% }} == Utah Territory ==

See non-voting delegates, below. == Vermont ==

• Frederick E. Woodbridge (Republican) 72.8% • Samuel Wells (Democratic) 27.1% }} • Luke P. Poland (Republican) 72.2% • Charles M. Chase (Democratic) 26.2%}} }} Second ballot == Washington Territory ==

See non-voting delegates, below. == West Virginia ==

• Chester D. Hubbard (Republican) 54.83% • D. D. Johnson (Democratic) 45.17% }} • Bethuel Kitchen (Republican) 61.30% • E. W. Andrews (Democratic) 38.35% • Daniel Polsley (Republican) 0.35% }} • Daniel Polsley (Republican) 58.77% • John H. Oley (Democratic) 41.23% }} ==Wisconsin==