Upper Woods was part of the ancient
Kingdom of Ossory (Osraige). Around 1150 it was ruled by the Ua Dubhsláine (
O'Delany) clan; the area was then called
Tuath-an-Toraidh ("
tuath [
clan territory] of fruit/wealth/produce"). A member,
Daniel Dulany the Elder (1685–1753), born in Upperwoods, became an important figure in
colonial Maryland. It is referred to in the topographical poem
Tuilleadh feasa ar Éirinn óigh (
Giolla na Naomh Ó hUidhrín, d. 1420):
Ard taoiseach tuaiṫe an toraiḋ Ón Choill aoiḃinn Uachtoraiġ Ó Duḃsláine, fial an fear Ón tsliaḃ as áille inḃeaġ ("The high chief of the fruitful cantred, Of the delightful Coill Uachtorach [
Upper Woods], Is O'Dubhslaine,
hospitable the man, From the mountain of most beauteous rivers.") Upper Woods was formerly a part of the
Upper Ossory barony, established by 1657; in 1842 it was divided into three
cantreds: Upper Woods,
Clandonagh and
Clarmallagh. ==List of settlements==