He was born in
Starodub, and grew up in the small town of
Pochep, Orel province. His father was a rabbi and the head of a yeshiva in Pochep. After attending
cheder, Gnessin studied at his father's yeshiva, and there became friends with
Yosef Haim Brenner, a fellow student. As a boy he wrote poetry and was interested in secular subjects; when he was 15 years old, he and Brenner together produced a literary journal that they distributed to a small circle of friends. ==Literary career and later years==