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Indonesian railway signalling

Various forms of railway signaling are used in Indonesia, where they are known as semboyan. They include messages and signs in the form of hand signals, voice, shapes, colour, or light placed in a place with a certain meaning to regulate and control train operations. Railway signal can be in the form of commands or prohibitions demonstrated through officers, or tools in the form of shapes, colours, or sounds including signals, signals, and signs; or notifications through marks about track conditions, distinctions, boundaries, and certain instructions.

Signalling Regulation
The latest railway signal in Indonesia is regulated in Service Regulation 3 of PT Kereta Api Indonesia concerning Signals and is effective according to the Decree of the Board of Directors of PT Kereta Api Indonesia Number KEP.U/HK.215/VII/1/KA-2010. It shows all the signals that need to be understood by all parties involved in the train journey (for example train dispatcher (pengatur perjalanan kereta api, PPKA), engine, conductor, signalman, and shunting officer). This new regulation causes changes to a number of old signals, so that some are added, combined, or no longer used (no longer valid): Rarely used train signals (such as signals 22–28) are removed; signals that are added with new ones such as signals 8A-8P, 9A1-9J, and 10A-10L; signals that are combined (signals 14 and 15 become 14A-14B; signals 16 and 17 become 16A-16B, and signals 10 and 11 become 11A-11B). Some old signals that are no longer needed or have been replaced, for example signal 27 which indicates crossing trains, previously used lights signals have now been replaced by the use of radio communication. In the new Service Regulation there are also changes in colours, such as what was previously white becomes green as a sign of safety, and what was previously green becomes yellow as a sign of less safety. == List of signals (semboyan) ==
List of signals (semboyan)
The following is a list of train signals (semboyan in Indonesian) that apply at PT Kereta Api Indonesia. These signals are compiled based on PT Kereta Api Indonesia Service Regulation 3 on Signals as a replacement for Regulation 3 on Signals, and adapted nationally in the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number PM 10 of 2011 concerning Technical Requirements for Railway Signaling Equipment. Railway signal A railway signal (semboyan di jalur kereta api) is a railway signal that is placed on the right side of the railway track, except in certain conditions it can also be placed on the left side of the railway track. Railway signals are divided into temporary, permanent, switch, water funnel, weighbridge, and free space boundaries. Temporary signal A temporary signal (semboyan sementara) is a signal that is signalled by hand by PPKA or level crossing guards, or in the form of signs installed on the right side of the railway track; generally hand signals are signalled when there is a disturbance on the journey or passing through a path that must be passed at a limited speed and with caution. Temporary sign A temporary sign is a sign signalled by hand by PPKA or level crossing guards, or in the form of signs installed on the right side of the railroad tracks; generally a hand sign is signalled when there is a disturbance on the way or passing through a path that must be passed at a limited speed and with caution. • Semboyan 1: PPKA or guard officer stands upright or carries a flag or green sign lamp (handsign) (at night) which is held parallel to the officer's thigh (not moved). Indicates that the path to be passed by the train has the status safe, the train may run as usual at the speed that has been set in the travel regulations. The purpose of the officer standing on the platform: • Safety equipment will not be serviced when the train passes through the station, because operating safety equipment faster than it should can cause danger. • Monitoring passing trains, especially the signs displayed by the train; • Monitoring the condition of the train, especially the equipment under the train (undercarriage) for possible damage that could endanger the safety of the train. The train driver saw the PPKA standing on the platform. • Semboyan 2: Signature in the form of a rhombus with a yellow number symbol in the middle on a black background with a yellow border indicating that the train line to be passed has a speed limit according to the number symbol shown multiplied by 10 (eg: 6, meaning ), and trains passing through it must adjust their speed according to the maximum speed limit (taspat) indicated by it. • Semboyan 2A: Sign in the form of a round in yellow with a black border, or an officer holding out a yellow flag or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicates that the railway line to be passed is not safe, trains passing through it must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . • Semboyan 2A1: A round yellow sign with a black border (above a black square marking with a white vertical line), or an officer holding out a yellow flag or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicates that electric trains passing through must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . • Semboyan 2B: Two round yellow signs with black edges, or an officer holding out two yellow flags or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicates that the railway line to be passed is not safe, trains passing through it must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . • Semboyan 2B1: Two round yellow signs with black borders (above a black square marking with a white vertical line), or an officer holding two yellow flags or a yellow handsign in his right hand. Indicating that electric trains passing through must be careful with a maximum speed limit of . • Semboyan 2C: An officer carrying a yellow flag, a round yellow board, or a yellow handsign that is swung back and forth indicating that the railway line to be passed is not safe, trains passing through must be careful with a maximum speed limit of (as fast as a normal person walking). • Semboyan 2H: A green rhombus sign with white edges with the letters H, HH, or HHH in white indicating that the train can now move at the permitted speed. H means "exhausted", which means "end of speed limit". • For trains up to in length, the train can move after passing the sign with the letter "H". • For trains in length, the train can move after passing the sign with the letters "HH". • For trains in length, the train can move after passing the sign with the letters "HHH". • * Semboyan 2H1: A green circular sign with a white border with a white letter H (above a black square marking with a white stripe). Indicates that the KRL or electric locomotive can move at the permitted speed. • Semboyan 3: One red flag, red signal light, board with a red circular sign, officer raising both hands above head, or officer swinging a red handsign light. Indicates that the railway line to be passed is unsafe, trains passing through it are required to stop. • Semboyan 4A: An officer raises a yellow rectangular board which means that the train will enter the signal which indicates a "stop" or passes the left track stop mark on a double track (if the train passes the left track). Trains can only move at maximum speed. File:Semboyan 2B1.svg|Slogan 2: Beware of taspat 20 (KRL/electric locomotive driver) File:Semboyan 3.svg|Semboyan 3: Stop File:Semboyan 2H (until 300 m).svg|Semboyan 2H: Taspat is finished (trains with a length of ≤ 300 m) File:Semboyan 2H (300-750 m).svg|Semboyan 2H: Taspat is finished (trains with a length of 300–750 m) File:Semboyan 2H (750-1000 m).svg|Semboyan 2H: Taspat is finished (train with a length of 750–1,000 m) Permanent sign (semboyan) A permanent signal is a train signal in the form of a display that is installed in a fixed place and is located on the edge of the rail track. This signal consists of signals, signs, and markings. Signal The railway signalling in Indonesia is divided into two, namely mechanical signalling and electrical signalling. Mechanical signalling is the oldest railway signalling in Indonesia in the form of arm signals (semaphores) and tebeng signals. However, because train traffic on tracks with mechanical signals is getting denser, one by one the Indonesian railway signalling system is changed to electrical signals. Signs A sign is a type of permanent signal that provides instructions or certain information on the railway track. Signs are generally in the form of commands or prohibitions that must be obeyed by engine drivers or other train crew officers during the journey. Markings Markings are permanent signs that inform about track conditions, distinctions, boundaries, or certain instructions. Markings are different from signs, signs generally give orders or prohibitions to the train crew on duty. Switch signal (semboyan wesel) A switch signal is a signal that indicates the direction of the track to be taken when passing a branch in the rail line (switch) when a train enters or leaves a station. The railway line that branches into two uses the regular switch system, while the railway line that intersects uses the English switch system. Other signals (semboyan lain) Other signals include the signals water funnel, weighbridge, and clearance limit. A water funnel is a device used to introduce water into the boiler of a steam locomotive. A weighbridge is a device used to weigh the mass of a passing train. Clearance limit is a diagram used to determine the maximum height and width dimensions of a facility train and its load. Train signal (semboyan kereta api) A train signal is a signal given by a train driver or crew officer regarding the conditions of the road to be travelled, using light signals, sound, flags, signs, or other media. Visible signal A visible signal is a train signal given by the engine driver or train crew officer regarding the road conditions to be passed, using sign lights, flags, signs, or other media. Specifically for signal 22–28 are removed in Service Regulation 3 because they are rarely used, except when the train carrying the signal crosses or is followed by an extraordinary train (KLB) or an optional train (only operated on certain days). In addition, it also provides a warning to people or animals that a train will pass. Voice semboyan A voice signal (semboyan suara) is a signal that is sent using voice. PPKA, conductor, or train crew officers send voice signals through a mouthpiece, bugle, or whistle; while engine driver sends voice signals through locomotive horn. Yarding signal (semboyan langsir) A Yarding signal is a signal given by a shuttle officer to a shuttle engineer in the form of a signal to go forward, backward, stop, slowly, or pass a level crossing. Shuttle signals use hand signals and whistles, mouth flutes, or bugles. If the shuttle officer sends a shuttle signal to the engineer on duty, the engineer must respond by sounding the locomotive horn (Semboyan 51). Bell signal (semboyan genta) The bell signal involves a bell (bell) in the train travel controller (PPKA) or platform supervisor (PAP) room of a train station or at a level crossing. The bell is operated by electromagnetic induction by a PPKA or PAP officer at the station. Each series of bell sounds consists of five double strikes, and each double strike consists of two different sounds. This signal is sent to the crossing guard or PPKA of the next station that there will be news about the departure, arrival, or cancellation of a train trip. == Obsolete signalling devices ==
Obsolete signalling devices
Tebeng and Krian signals The Tebeng signalling device was the first railway signalling equipment used on Staatsspoorwegen lines since it first operated in 1878. The Krian signalling device () was a development of the Tebeng signal, which used a tall tower equipped with locking equipment. The name of this signalling equipment is attributed to Krian Station, a railway station in Sidoarjo Regency, which was also the first station to use the signalling. The last railway line to use the Krian signal was the Kalisat–Panarukan railway line, which was closed in 2004. It is recorded that the Krian signal has been preserved at Krian Station, Tamanan Station, and Garut Station. The Krian signal is moved using a lever installed near the station's PPKA room, causing the tebeng to move and The driver will follow the aspect indicated by the tebeng-tebeng. Krian signals can have two or three aspects. In the two-aspect krian signal, the "stop" aspect is indicated by a red board that can be seen by the driver, while the "go" or "walk carefully" aspect is indicated by a red board that is moved 90 degrees so that it is not visible to the driver. Meanwhile, in the three-aspect krian signal, the "stop" aspect is indicated by a red board that can be seen by the driver, the "walk carefully" aspect is indicated by an invisible red board, with an upright arm, and the "walk" aspect is indicated by an arm that looks diagonal. == See also ==
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