After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in accordance with a decree of the
President of Uzbekistan on 13 July 1992, former Soviet Air Force units stationed on Uzbek territory from the
73rd Air Army of the
Turkestan Military District headquartered at
Tashkent were taken over by Uzbekistan. The takeover of
Soviet Air Defence Forces units from the
15th Air Defence Division at
Samarkand followed on 12 November. By late 1992, the Uzbek units suffered from a shortage of officers since many had left for their national armed forces. This trend was exemplified by the 396th Separate Guards Helicopter Regiment at
Kogon, who staged a three-day strike in February 1992 when they were informed of their transfer to the
Uzbekistan National Guard. This ended when the Uzbek Minister of Defense intervened and allowed the mostly Russian personnel of the regiment to find new positions, resulting in the departure of over 90% of its officers and warrant officers for Russia. On the first day of 1993, in accordance with a directive of the General Staff of Uzbekistan issued on 3 November 1992, the headquarters of the Uzbek Air Force was formed from the aviation department of the Uzbek Ministry of Defense, created by that time, and the disbanded headquarters of the 73rd Air Army. Initially, personnel of Slavic nationalities were allowed to depart freely and not pressured into taking the oath of allegiance to Uzbekistan or signing service contracts with their armed forces, which allowed the fledgling air force to gain experience, but once they left, the Uzbek Air Forces experienced a sharp decline in experienced pilots and maintenance personnel and a reduction to minimum numbers of serviceable aircraft. Another problem was a lack of
Aero L-39 trainer aircraft inherited from the Soviet Union, resulting in the purchase of fifteen of them from Kyrgyzstan between 1994 and 1996. During the
Tajik civil war from September 1992 to May 1993, the
Tajikistan government was supported by Uzbekistan. Helicopters of the Air Force fought the
Islamist rebels at a
United Tajik Opposition base. Later, the Uzbek Air Force was said to have destroyed the last holdouts of rebels in eastern Tajikistan. Units involved were the helicopter regiments at Chirchiq and Kogon, the fighter-bomber regiments at Dzhizak and Kakaydy, and the separate mixed aviation regiment at Tashkent Vostochny, operating MiG-29s, Su-17M, Su-24, Su-25 and Mi-8 and Mi-24 helicopters. During the war, the Uzbek Air Force lost one Su-24, two Mi-8 and a single Mi-24. In March 1994, the
Russian Federation signed a treaty with Uzbekistan in training of pilots. The Uzbek Air Force is assisted by the
Russian Air Force, though the
Jizzakh Higher Military Aviation School was opened to train Uzbeks. As of that year, some thirteen airbases were active in Uzbekistan. The Air Force was to follow the Soviet doctrine, supported by the
Uzbekistan Ground Forces. Beginning in the mid-1990s,
de-Russification policies were pursued in Uzbekistan, which impacted the Armed Forces by the calling up of Uzbek officers from the reserves to replace officers of Slavic nationalities in command positions. As a result, the percentage of Uzbek officers in the Armed Forces increased from 50 percent to 85 percent, but these actions reduced the capabilities of the armed forces. At the same time, the air force was reorganize to consolidate units: in 1993 the 87th Separate Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment (Su-24MR) was combined with the 735th Bomber Aviation Regiment (Su-24) to form the 60th Bomber Aviation Regiment at
Karshi-Khanabad Air Base, while the 136th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment (Andijan) and the 372nd Separate Instructor Assault Aviation Squadron (Chirchiq) were combined into the 59th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment at Chirchiq. During the same year, the 111th Separate Mixed Aviation Regiment (Tashkent-Vostochny) was reduced to a separate transport aviation squadron, with some aircraft transferred to the 194th Guards Military Transport Aviation Regiment, and its Mi-8s to the helicopter regiments. The An-12s and Tu-134s remained at Tashkent-Vostochny. 1994 brought the renumbering of the 396th Separate Guards Helicopter Regiment (Kogan) as the 65th (Mi-8 and Mi-6), the 399th Separate Helicopter Regiment (Chirchiq) as the 66th (Mi-8, Mi-24, and Mi-26), the
9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Andizhan) as the 62nd Fighter Aviation Regiment (Su-27), and the 115th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Kakaydy) as the 61st (MiG-29). Meanwhile, the 287th Separate Test Aviation Squadron at
Nukus was withdrawn to Russia in 1993. Following the example of other post-Soviet countries, the merger of the Uzbek Air Force and the Uzbek Air Defence Forces to form the Air and Air Defence Forces of Uzbekistan was directed on 15 January 1999. The process was difficult and only from 2001 did the percentage of serviceable aircraft begin to rise and pilot flight hours increase. Due to the merger and the decreasing serviceability of Uzbek aircraft, the 60th Bomber Aviation Regiment and the 61st and 62nd Fighter Aviation Regiments were consolidated into the 60th Mixed Aviation Brigade at Karshi-Khanabad in 1999. However, this did not prevent more aircraft from becoming unflyable. The Uzbek Air Force saw further combat between July and September 1999 in the
Batken Conflict when Islamist militants of the
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) attempted to enter Uzbek territory from Tajikistan through Kyrgyzstan. Su-17s, Su-24s, Mi-8s, and Mi-24s were involved in the fighting, with one of the Su-24s being shot down. The Mi-8s and Mi-24s were involved in the elimination of the militants in November and December of that year, and during August and September 2000 Su-24 and Su-25s were committed to the conflict again, along with the Mi-8s and Mi-24s. During this period, two Mi-8s were lost. Due to an agreement in the
Commonwealth of Independent States, Russia helped maintain the aircraft of the Uzbek Air Force and sold them more aircraft at a cheaper price than to other interests, such as the
United States. In
Operation Enduring Freedom, the US government and
NATO had an aviation company repair much of the Air Force's aircraft, as it was deemed inoperable by them. Russia tried to undermine US efforts to reach out to Uzbekistan, especially at a 2002 conference in
Tashkent, where members of various aviation companies were present. The talks failed, and the Uzbek government had cut off the US aid in the form of helicopter repairs. A 13 April 2011 decree transferred the helicopters of the Uzbek Air and Air Defence Forces to the
Uzbek Ground Forces. After the 2016 death of longtime dictator
Islam Karimov, who had ruled Uzbekistan since its independence, his successor
Shavkat Mirziyoyev pursued an increasingly pro-Russian position. This was reflected in renewed Uzbek participation in
Joint CIS Air Defense System exercises held at
Sary Shagan in September 2019, and the supply of twelve Russian
Mi-35M helicopters under a 2018 loan. Uzbekistan has also express interest in the purchase of
Sukhoi Su-30SM fighters to replace its aging fighter fleet. In August 2021, with the Taliban taking control of
Afghanistan, a number of former
Afghan Air Force EMB 314 Super Tucanos and
Cessna 208 aircraft have fled to Uzbekistan, and have now been seen on the runway at
Termez Airport. Their current status and condition are unknown. On August 30, 2024, the aircraft in Termez were handed over to the Uzbek Air Force under FMS sales. Uzbekistan is set to receive deliveries of
TAI ANKA combat drones from Turkey within coming days, according to local reports published on January 30. ==Organization==