Its origin dates back to 1968 when the celebrated
vallenato composer
Rafael Escalona, the then governor of the
Cesar Department and former president of the republic of
Colombia,
Alfonso López Michelsen, and the writer, journalist and former Minister of Culture
Consuelo Araújo, came up with the idea of organizing a festival that celebrated vallenato, a musical genre native to Colombia’s northern Atlantic coast and also celebrate a religious festivity of "The Virgin of the Rosario". Since 1986, this festival has been organized by the
Fundación Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata (Vallenato Legend Festival Foundation), a non-profit private entity in charge of the promotion, publicity, and defense of
vallenato music as one of the intangible cultural legacies of Colombia.
The Legend: The legend says that during the Spanish colonial period, two Amerindian tribes from the
Tairona culture, the
Tupe and the
Chimila, along with other members of other tribes, rebelled against the Spanish colonizers after one indigenous woman named Francisca, who worked as a maid for a Spanish family, was severely punished by her jealous master, who cut her hair and whipped her publicly. One of her fellow Indian tribesmen also working for the Spaniards, escaped, and told his tribe's
cacique about this offensive insult. The angry Indians organized an attack, destroying most of the town and killing many people. When they tried to destroy the temple, the "Virgin of the Rosario" appeared and blocked their arrows with her cape, preventing them from destroying it. The natives, scared, escaped to the
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and knowing that the Spaniards would follow them and would be in need of drinking water, they poisoned the "Sicarare lake". This resulted in the death of all the Spaniards involved. The Virgin reappeared and began touching their bodies with her wand and reviving them. The surprised Indians finally surrendered. ==The Contests==