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Valley County, Idaho

Valley County is a rural county located in the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,746. The county seat is Cascade, and the largest city is McCall. Established in 1917, it was named after the Long Valley of the North Fork of the Payette River, which extends over 30 miles (50 km) from Payette Lake at McCall south to Cascade to Round Valley. The valley was formerly a summer pasture for livestock from the Boise Valley. Since the completion of the Cascade Dam in 1948, much of the northern valley has been covered by the Cascade Reservoir.

History
Packer John Welch, who had contracted to freight supplies to miners of Idaho City, established a camp on Gold Fork Creek and a brush cabin on Clear Creek in the 1860s. He also established a station near what later became the town of Cascade. During the 1870s, prospectors and miners started searching for gold. The Clara Foltz mines opened on Paddy Flat, and other diggings commenced on Boulder and Gold Fork Creeks. In the late 1870s, the last of the Sheepeater Tribe was removed from Long Valley and Round Valley to a reservation. As the gold sources dwindled, a few of the miners took up squatter's rights. James Horner built a cabin on Clear Creek in 1881, other miners settled on the Payette River. Also in 1888, the first post offices in Valley County were opened at VanWyck, another one opened at Lardo in 1889. That same year Louis McCall and other settlers took squatter's rights on Payette Lake. Their homesteads were the nucleus of what would later become the town of McCall. ==Geography==
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.8%) is water. It is the fifth-largest county in Idaho by area. Adjacent countiesIdaho County - north • Adams County - west • Gem County - southwest • Boise County - south • Custer County - east • Lemhi County - east National protected areasBoise National Forest (part) • Payette National Forest (part) • Salmon-Challis National Forest (part) ==Demographics==
Demographics
2020 census As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 11,746. The median age was 49.5 years. 18.6% of residents were under the age of 18 and 26.4% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 103.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 104.8 males. The racial makeup of the county was 90.2% White, 0.1% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 2.6% from some other race, and 5.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 5.1% of the population. 31.5% of residents lived in urban areas, while 68.5% lived in rural areas. There were 5,131 households in the county, of which 22.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 18.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The population density was . There were 11,789 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 95.8% white, 0.7% American Indian, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% black or African American, 1.6% from other races, and 1.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.9% of the population. Of the 4,393 households, 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.7% were non-families, and 27.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.71. The median age was 46.9 years. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 7,651 people, 3,208 households, and 2,252 families living in the county. The population density was . There were 8,084 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 96.43% White, 0.69% Native American, 0.30% Asian, 0.04% Black or African American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.10% from other races, and 1.40% from two or more races. 1.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19.1% were of German, 16.4% English, 11.3% American and 10.1% Irish ancestry. There were 3208 households, out of which 28.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.90% were married couples living together, 5.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.80% were non-families. 24.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.81. In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.70% under the age of 18, 4.40% from 18 to 24, 24.90% from 25 to 44, 32.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 105.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.40 males. The median income for a household in the county was $36,927, and the median income for a family was $42,283. Males had a median income of $31,113 versus $21,777 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,246. About 6.20% of families and 9.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.10% of those under age 18 and 5.60% of those age 65 or over. ==Economy==
Economy
The ski resorts of Brundage Mountain, Little Ski Hill, and Tamarack Resort are major employers. ==Government and politics==
Government and politics
Valley County has long been a Republican stronghold, though it currently gives Democrats larger vote shares than most of Idaho. In 2004, George Bush defeated John Kerry by a 21-point margin (59-38%), whilst in 2008, Valley County was much more competitive than in previous elections, as John McCain defeated Barack Obama by only 7 points (52-45%). Democratic strength is entirely centered around the tourist town of McCall and the surrounding area around the Payette Lake, while the rest of the county remains strongly Republican. ==Transportation==
Transportation
Highways • - Payette River Scenic Byway The county's primary highway is the north–south State Highway 55, the Payette River Scenic Byway, a designated national scenic byway. It heads north from Eagle in Ada County to Horseshoe Bend in Boise County, and climbs the whitewater of the Payette River to Cascade and McCall. The route turns west at Payette Lake in McCall and ends at New Meadows in Adams County, at the junction with US-95. Airports The county has public-use airports owned by the state, by the U.S. Forest Service, and by local municipalities. • Bernard USFS Airport (U54) • Big Creek Airport (U60) • Bruce Meadows Airport (U63) • Cabin Creek USFS Airport (I08) • Cascade Airport (U70) • Donald D. Coski Memorial Airport (U84) • Indian Creek USFS Airport (S81) • Johnson Creek Airport (3U2) • Krassel USFS Airport (24K) • Landmark USFS Airport (0U0) • Mahoney Creek USFS Airport (0U3) • McCall Municipal Airport (MYL) • Soldier Bar USFS Airport (85U) • Thomas Creek Airport (2U8) ==Communities==
Communities
, overlooking Lake Cascade to the east CitiesCascadeDonnellyMcCall Census-designated placesSmiths FerryYellow Pine Other unincorporated communities • Big Creek • Lake Fork • Roseberry • Warm Lake ==Education==
Education
School districts include: • Cascade School District 422McCall-Donnelly Joint School District 421 Residents are in the area (but not the taxation zone) for College of Western Idaho. ==See also==
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