Veillonella

Veillonella are Gram-negative bacteria anaerobic cocci, unlike most Bacillota, which are Gram-positive bacteria. This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. It is a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals. In humans they have been implicated in cases of osteomyelitis and endocarditis, for example with the species Veillonella parvula.

Fermentation

Lactate is fermented to propionate and acetate by the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway. Little ATP is produced in this fermentation. High substrate affinity is suggested to be the reason. 3 Lactate → acetate + 2 propionate + + A study of Veillonella in endurance athletes found that a relative abundance of the bacteria in the gut is associated with increased treadmill run time performance in mouse models. This effect was proposed to be due to the propionate metabolite produced from lactic acid. ==Phylogeny==

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Unassigned species: • V. absiana Bai et al. 2025 • "V. faecalis" Yang et al. 2024 • "V. massiliensis" Togo et al. 2017 • "V. orientalis" Mashima-Usami et al. 2024 • "Ca. V. sanguinis" Heng et al. 2025 ["Ca. V. atypica" Drancourt et al. 2004 non (Rogosa 1965) Mays et al. 1982] == Infections and Treatment ==

Infections and Treatment

Meningitis, osteomyelitis, periodontitis, and endocarditis are infections that can be caused by V. parvula. Prosthetic joint infection and endocarditis have been shown to be caused by V. dispar. Although very rare, endocarditis has also been caused by V. montpellierensis and V. alcalescens. Antibiotics that Veillonella species are less resistant to or not resistant to at all include clindamycin, metronidazole, imipenem, ceftriaxone, and amoxicillin. ==See also==

Source: Wikipedia ↗

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