From 1978 to 1990, four of the
five crime families of New York rigged bids for 75 percent of $191 million, or about $142 million, of the window contracts awarded by the
New York City Housing Authority. Installation companies were required to make union payoffs between $1 and $2 for each windows installed. On May 30, 1990, Mangano was indicted in the "Windows case" along with other members of four of the New York crime families. On October 19, 1991, Mangano was convicted of one count of extortion and a related conspiracy count in the Windows case. He later took the witness stand, but refused to answer any questions, invoking his
Fifth Amendment rights. On May 3, 2006, Mangano was transferred to a
halfway house in
Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. He had heart disease and
macular degeneration that left him virtually blind. Mangano died of natural causes in
Greenwich Village on August 18, 2017. ==In popular culture==