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Visual meteorological conditions

In aviation, visual meteorological conditions (VMC) is an aviation flight category in which visual flight rules (VFR) flight is permitted—that is, conditions in which pilots have sufficient visibility to fly the aircraft maintaining visual separation from terrain and other aircraft. They are the opposite of instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). The boundary criteria between IMC and VMC are known as the VMC minima and are defined by: visibility, cloud ceilings, and cloud clearances.

European and UK VFR minima
The following minima apply in Europe and the UK. Uncontrolled airspace (class F & G) At and above FL 100: :8 km flight visibility, 1500 m horizontally from cloud, 1000 ft (300m) vertically from cloud Below FL 100: :5 km flight visibility, 1500 m horizontally from cloud, 1000 ft (300m) vertically from cloud At or below 3,000 ft: :5 km flight visibility, clear of cloud and in sight of the surface :or, for an aircraft, other than a helicopter, operating at 140 kt or less: ::1,500 m flight visibility, clear of cloud and in sight of the surface :For helicopters: ::Clear of cloud and in sight of the surface at a speed which is commensurate with the visibility. Controlled airspace (classes C to E) By Day At and above FL 100: :8 km flight visibility, 1,500 m horizontally from cloud, 1,000 ft (300m) vertically from cloud Below FL 100: :5 km flight visibility, 1,500 m horizontally from cloud, 1,000 ft (300m) vertically from cloud Alternatively at or below 3,000 and operating at 140kt or less ft: :For helicopters: ::Clear of cloud and in sight of surface with a flight visibility of 1500m Controlled airspace (classes C to E) By Night At and above FL 100: :8 km flight visibility, 1,500 m horizontally from cloud, 1,000 ft (300m) vertically from cloud Below FL 100: :5 km flight visibility, 1,500 m horizontally from cloud, 1,000 ft (300m) vertically from cloud == Canada VFR minima ==
Canada VFR minima
Uncontrolled Airspace (class G) Source: ==== Surface to 1000 feet AGL ==== Day: Clear of Cloud. 2 statute miles for fixed wing, 1 statute mile for helicopter Night: Clear of Cloud. 3 statute miles visibility. ==== Above 1000 feet AGL ==== Day: 2000 feet horizontally, 500 feet vertically from cloud. 1 statute mile visibility Night: 2000 feet horizontally, 500 feet vertically from cloud. 3 statute miles visibility Controlled Airspace (any class B, C, D, E) 1 mile horizontally, 500 feet vertically from cloud. 3 statute miles visibility. Control Zones (can consist of B thru E) Maintain at least 500 feet AGL except when taking off or landing. Class A airspace VFR flight prohibited in Class A airspace. == US VFR minima ==
US VFR minima
United States Visual Flight Rules are provided in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 91, Section 155: ;Notes ==See also==
Source: Wikipedia ↗
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