Fritsche was born into a middle-class family of
German origin in Moscow. After his family's departure to Germany, he supported himself financially by giving lessons. After graduating in 1889 with a medal from a German
gymnasium, he entered the Faculty of History and Philology of
Imperial Moscow University, where he studied first classical philology, then Western literature. He was the initiator of the creation, and then a member, of the Circle of Lovers of Western European Literature alongside
Pyotr Kogan and
Konstantin Balmont. After graduating from the university in 1894, Fritsche became a faculty member at the Department of General Literature. He joined the
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905 and from 1905 to 1907 he was a member of the literary and lecture group of the RSDLP. Fritsche was the founding editor of the magazine
Zhurnalist in 1914, a magazine which was dedicated to analysis of mass media. On 7 December 1917, he was appointed commissar for the protection of appanage and palace property in Moscow. In March 1918, he was Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the Council of People's Commissars of the
Moscow City Council. Fritsche was director of the Literary Department of the
Institute of Red Professors, and section of literature at the
Communist Academy. He was rector of the Russian Association of the Social Science Institutions (RANION) from 1927. He was first editor of the journal
Literature and Marxism. In 1929 after the Soviet state decided to take control over the
Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, Fritsche was chosen as a candidate alongside
Nikolai Lukin and
Abram Deborin to become Academicians of the Academy of Sciences. Despite the pressure, all three Communist candidates failed to get elected. Considering the real threat of the dissolution of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the leadership of the Academy was forced to decide on a second ballot with the participation of newly elected academicians. As a result, on February 13, all three were elected. Fritsche also took over editorship of the literary journal
Print and Revolution, a journal published by
Gosizdat. Fritsche was the responsible editor of the first two volumes of the
Literary Encyclopedia. He died during the preparation of the 3rd volume but until the 9th volume his name was on the list of the editorial board. Vladimir Fritsche is buried at the
Vvedenskoye Cemetery. == References ==