Volvo S60

The S60 was built on Volvo's P2 platform, which was shared with other Volvo models like the S80, V70, XC70 and finally the XC90. The design of the S60 drew styling cues from the Volvo ECC concept car and the Volvo S80. The Volvo S60 was released in 2000 (2001 model year) being the company's new generation sports sedan. The S60 is aimed to mainly compete in Europe with the BMW 3 Series (E46), the Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W203) and the Alfa Romeo 156. Unlike its rivals, the Volvo S60 continued production for 9 years with multiple facelifts. When it was introduced the appearance was unlike the squared vehicles offered in previous years, and continued the new design tradition introduced by the larger S80, utilizing a cab forward approach and was more organic appearing with a pronounced shelf along the beltline that ran the length of the vehicle, achieving a drag coefficient. Volvo continued its safety tradition, offering front and rear integrated crumple zones, driver and front passenger dual threshold airbags with a collapsible three-stage steering column, Side Impact Protection System (SIPS) supplemented with air bags for driver and front passenger, along with a side curtain airbag for front and rear passengers, anti-submarine seats, five padded head restraints with Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS), and automatic seat belt pretensioners while front belts also have height adjustment. In 2004 the T5 engine was reengineered from 2.3 to 2.4 liters, installing continuously variable valve timing and achieving an increase of , while the 2.5 liter engine was given a Ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) certification, and a modified turbo in the D5 model also increased the maximum claimed power from 163 PS to 185 PS, while electronic brakeforce distribution was installed for emergency braking situations. Semi-active suspension with Four-C (a short name for "Continuously Controlled Chassis Concept") allows the user to select from three modes: Comfort, Sport, and Advanced. "Comfort" attempts to soften the car over bumps, while "Advanced" firms the suspension considerably and gives more aggressive throttle response - a setting Volvo implies is for use on the race track. This is accomplished through a drive by wire throttle, allowing the same pedal travel to result in different performance when the appropriate mode is selected, electronically controlled shock absorbers that can adjust themselves 500 times a second, and a complex series of sensors throughout the body of the vehicle. Volvo collaborated with high-tech system developer Ohlins Racing AB and shock absorber manufacturer Monroe for the self-adjusting shock absorbers. The R had three themed interior color options with upholstery in soft leather supplied by Bridge of Weir, and they were Nordkapp (dark blue) or Gobi (light tan). A third choice was offered as a natural leather option, Atacama (dark orange), available for an additional charge. The natural leather choice was said to have the thickness and feel of a baseball glove. The small trunk lid spoiler that was standard on the S60 R created a 20% increased downforce at the rear wheels at high speeds compared to the standard S60s. The S60 Rs have a 0.29 Drag coefficient, compared to the standard S60's 0.28, due to the larger lower front bumper spoiler to support the secondary intercooler. Another Volvo factory option for only the S60 R was a body kit which included front bumper splitters, side skirts and a rear valance, color matched to the body. The body kit was only available with certain body colors and in certain markets. The S60 R continued the tradition of "R" cars for Volvo beginning in 1995 with the introduction of the 850 T-5 R. File:2004 Volvo S60 R (14180484848).jpg|Volvo S60 R AWD pre-facelift in Flash Green File:Volvo S60 R 001.JPG|Volvo S60 R AWD pre-facelift in Flash Green File:Volvo S60R instruments.jpg|Blue faced gauges Engines == Second generation (2010)==

| 1596 cc B4164T turbo I4 | 1596 cc B4164T2 turbo FFV I4 (T4F) | 1969 cc B4204T11 turbo I4 | 1969 cc B4204T43 twincharged I4 | 1999 cc B4204T6/T7 turbo I4 | 1999 cc B4204T9 twincharged I4 | 2497 cc B5254T12 turbo I5 | 2952 cc B6304T4/T5 turbo I6 | diesel: | 1560 cc D4162T turbo I4 | 1969 cc D4204T5/T8/T9/T11/T14 turbo I4 | 1984 cc D5204T3/T7/T21 turbo I5 | 2400 cc D5244T10/T11/T15 twin-turbo I5 }} (Germany) (Germany) The second generation S60 began production in Ghent, Belgium on May 17, 2010, with an expected annual production of 90,000 vehicles. Official photos were released in November 2009, and the car was publicly unveiled at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2010. It debuted as a 2011 model in North America. The second generation S60 also arrived with the 5th generation Haldex AWD system. More differences in the second generation S60 include the new large Volvo iron symbol, parallel to the grille LED day running lamps and larger spaced letters in the brand name on rear. The engine range of the S60 and V60 comprises four petrol engines and three diesels. The engines available are the T3, T4, T5 and T6 petrol engines and D3, D5 and 1.6D DRIVe diesel engines, the latter of which has Stop Start Technology to increase the efficiency of the engine. The 2.4-litre D5 plug-in hybrid version, fitted with a five-cylinder diesel engine and a 50 kW electric motor, was scheduled for sale in Europe by November 2012. The Volvo S60 and V60 come with Volvo's City Safety system as standard, which is the same system fitted to its sister the XC60. This system stops the car in the event of impending collision in 'City Traffic' below . Also, a new safety feature named "Pedestrian Detection" (available on both the V60 and S60) detects people in front of the car and automatically applies the brakes if the driver does not react in time. The new sedan shows off Volvo's completely new design language already seen in the Volvo XC60 concept. It rides on the same platform as the XC60. The goal of this new design was to target younger demographics. 2013 T5 engine update In 2013, the T5 engine was revamped before the launch of the Drive-E arrival. Among the tweaks to the T5 power plant is a boost in engine compression to 9.5:1 from 9.0, engine torque peaks at 4200 rpm and engine management changes provide faster gear changes and upshifts when the 6-speed automatic gearbox is in the sport mode. Output remains the same over 2012 at and of torque, although there is a provision for overboost from the turbo which bumps the torque number to . The changes in compression ratio helps the S60 T5 deliver extra in the city and combined cycle. Front-drive versions are rated at city/ highway for a combined of , while the AWD model is less across the board. Volvo also says the T5 AWD is good for a sprint of 6.6 seconds, while the front-drive version is 0.2 seconds quicker. 2014 model year update Changes include all-new exterior panels from the A-pillars forward including a new hood, front fenders and fascia; a wider grille with a larger Ironmark is flanked by new headlights while a larger, wider lower front intake gains bright accents and horizontally mounted LED daytime running lights; new integrated exhaust pipes at rear, a new Adaptive Digital TFT Display instrument cluster for select models (R-Design versions include unique blue instrument dials), new paddle shifters on T6 AWD and R-Design models (optional on T5), Advanced Quick Shift (AQS) option on all T6 engines and activated when the transmission is set to sport mode or when using paddle shifters, IntelliSafe with Pedestrian Detection and Cyclist Detection with full auto brake and Cross Traffic Alert became part of the Technology Package, a new radar-based Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) to monitor and alert the driver to rapidly approaching vehicles behind the car while still informing the driver about vehicles in the blind spots on both sides of the car, Cross Traffic Alert with radar sensors at the rear end of the car to alert the driver to crossing traffic from the sides when reversing out of a parking space. North America models went on sale as 2014 model year vehicles in late 2013. Early models include S60 T5 (base, Premier, Premier Plus, Platinum), T6 (AWD, Premier Plus, Platinum, R-Design AWD, RD Platinum). File:2014 Volvo S60 R-Design D2 Automatic 1.6 Front.jpg|Facelift Volvo S60 R-Design (UK) File:2014 Volvo S60 R-Design D2 Automatic 1.6 Rear.jpg|Facelift Volvo S60 R-Design (UK) File:Volvo S60 (2nd generation) Facelift IMG 4521.jpg|Facelift Volvo S60 T5 Luxury (Germany) File:Volvo S60 (2nd generation) Facelift IMG 4515.jpg|Facelift Volvo S60 T5 Luxury (Germany) Second-generation models S60L The S60L, also marketed as S60 Inscription, is the top-of-the-line, long wheelbase model of the S60. It has been lengthened by compared to the standard model to give additional legroom for rear passengers. It is also manufactured in Chengdu, China, and is the first consumer automobile manufactured in China to be sold in the United States. The S60L commenced production in October 2014. In late 2018, the S60L received a minor facelift that included a new grille and emblems that feature the updated Volvo logo. For the 2019 model year, the S60L was sold in China exclusively. File:VOLVO S60L China (4).jpg|Facelift Volvo S60L (China) S60L PHEV The Volvo S60L PPHEV (Petrol Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) concept car was unveiled at the 2014 Beijing International Automotive Exhibition. The S60L PPHEV shares the same electric-drive technology as the Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid, but instead of the diesel engine of the V60, the S60L PPHEV has a 2-liter, four-cylinder gasoline turbocharged engine from Volvo Cars’ new Drive-E engine family. The electric motor is powered by an 11.2 kWh lithium-ion battery pack that delivers an all-electric range of up to . The petrol-powered engine produces and 350 N·m (258 lb-ft) of torque. The driver can select via three buttons among three driving modes: Pure, Hybrid or Power. In the default hybrid mode, the emissions are about 50 g/km, corresponding to a fuel consumption of . By selecting Pure mode, the car runs in all-electric mode, and the Power mode combines the capabilities of the engine and motor to deliver , 550 N·m (405 lb-ft) of torque and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration in 5.5 seconds. Volvo unveiled the production model, the S60L T6 Twin Engine PHEV, at the 2015 Shanghai Motor Show. Sales of the S60L T6 PHEV, limited to the Chinese market, began on 22 April 2015. The production model has an all-electric range of . S60 Cross Country A new limited production model known as the S60 Cross Country saw a limited American release in the autumn of 2015 (as it was for the 2015 model year in Europe), with each dealership only getting one car. This variant is similar to the Volvo V60 Cross Country, as it is a raised sedan variant of the S60. Limited to about 500 units from 2016 to 2017. File:Volvo S60 Cross Country fl.jpg|Volvo S60 Cross Country (Sweden) File:Volvo S60 Cross Country rr.jpg|Volvo S60 Cross Country (Sweden) Concepts and special editions Volvo S60 Polestar performance concept (2012) The Volvo S60 Polestar performance concept is a version of the Volvo S60 T6 AWD with a Volvo T6 inline six (B6304T4) engine rated at at 6500 rpm and of torque at 5500 rpm. It features a modified cylinder head and combustion chambers, modified inlet manifold and air intake, special manufactured connecting rods, Garrett 3171 turbocharger, Ferrita 3.5" stainless steel exhaust system, reinforced M66C (close ratio) manual 6-speed gear box, Haldex E-LSD in rear, Haldex Gen4 XWD, 265/30R19 tires, 9.5×19-inch Polestar Rims, chassis lowered by , Öhlins 3-way shock absorbers, reinforced anti-roll bars in the front and rear, increased track width by in the front and 40 mm (1.6 in) in the rear, Polestar-tuned EHPAS steering, stabilising X-members (front and rear), modified control-arms with uniballs in the front and rear, reinforced bushings in sub-frame and control-arms, modified engine mounts, 380 mm ventilated front brake discs with Polestar-Brembo 6 piston calipers, ventilated discs rear brake discs with Polestar-Volvo calipers, brake cooling air intakes from front, lowered front splitter and larger rear spoiler to reduce high speed lift, carbon fibre diffuser, body widened in the front and rear, Polestar designed seats with increased support, Alcantara on all functional areas (steering wheel, gear knob, and seats) to ensure maximum grip and a lowered centre console for optimised gear-lever ergonomics. The vehicle was unveiled at the Gothenburg CityArena. 2013 The 2013 Volvo S60 Polestar is a limited (50 units) version of the Volvo S60 T6 AWD for the Australian market. It is based on the S60 Polestar performance concept and features an inline 6 engine rated at and of torque. It includes a new BorgWarner turbo, new intercooler, a stainless full-flow exhaust system with tail pipes, Polestar Öhlins 2-way adjustable shock absorbers, upgraded springs (60N/mm front, 65N/mm rear. (80% stiffer than stock)), upgraded stabilizers in the front and rear, upgraded rear tie blades, upgraded top mount in the front and rear, upgraded toe link arms in the rear, strut brace with carbon fibre reinforcement, Michelin Pilot Super Sport 235/40R19 tires, 8x19-inch ET51 bespoke Polestar rims, Polestar-tuned AWF21 six-speed automatic gearbox with a launch control system, a Polestar-tuned Haldex 4WD system, modified transmission software for faster shifts and launch control, modified AWD software for more rear torque, front 336x29 mm ventilated brake discs with Jurid 958 performance brake pads, rear 302x22 mm ventilated brake discs with HP2000 Brembo performance brake pads, new Polestar front splitter corners, new Polestar rear spoiler, new Polestar diffuser, Polestar door trims, Polestar badging on the front grille, boot and engine cover, Polestar shift knob, Polestar limited edition plate on the door sills and steering wheel and black outside mirror covers. Delivery began in June 2013. 2014 The 2014 S60 Polestar was offered in Canada, the Netherlands, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States. Based on the S60 Polestar Concept car and the Australian S60 Polestar, it includes a Polestar Öhlins shock absorber system, Polestar 8×20-inch ET53 bespoke rims with 245/35R20 tyres, a new twin-scroll BorgWarner turbo with new intercooler, stainless full-flow exhaust system with tail pipes, AWF21 automatic gearbox with paddle shift system, Polestar transmission calibration for faster gearshifts, launch control and curve-hold functionality; Polestar Haldex calibration for more rear torque dynamic distribution, Polestar calibrated stability control system, front ventilated and floating brake discs with Polestar/Brembo six piston brake calipers, rear ventilated brake disc. Delivery was set to begin in June 2014 to the local markets. File:2013 Volvo S60 Polestar Limited Edition front.jpg|Volvo S60 Polestar (AUS) File:2013 Volvo S60 T6 Polestar sedan (2017-01-22) 02.jpg|Volvo S60 Polestar (AUS) 2015 The 2015 S60 Polestar's 3.0-liter inline six-cylinder produces and of torque, an additional and more torque compared to the same engine in the S60 R-Design. This is developed by way of massaged engine management software, a stainless exhaust with pipes, new twin-scroll BorgWarner turbochargers and new intercooler. Polestar also did work to the transmission with new calibration for quicker gearshifts and launch control capabilities. The Haldex four-wheel-drive system also has Polestar tuning for more rear torque distribution, and the stability control system has been massaged. The chassis is firmer with a suspension that features Öhlins shock absorbers with 80 percent stiffer springs sitting on 20-inch wheels that would normally come wrapped with Michelin Pilot Super Sport tires from the factory. Brakes get a nice upgrade with front discs (replacing ones on the R-Design) with six-piston Brembo calipers and -inch rear discs. Visual changes include new front and rear splitters, rear spoiler and diffuser. Inside there's a thick-rimmed steering wheel and upgraded seats with suede inserts, suede door inserts and blue accent stitching throughout. According to Volvo, it has a time of 4.7 seconds and an electronically limited top speed of , up from . Engines Safety ANCAP Euro NCAP Euro NCAP V60: • Overall = • Adult occupant = 94% • Child occupant = 82% • Pedestrian = 64% Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) :1 vehicle structure rated "Good" :2 strength-to-weight ratio: 4.95 NHTSA == Third generation (2018)==

| Petrol: | 2.0 L VEP4 T5 turbo I4 | 2.0 L VEP4 T6 twincharged I4 | Hybrid: | 2.0 L VEP4 T6 TE twincharged I4 | 2.0 L VEP4 T8 TE twincharged I4 }} |8-speed Aisin TG-81SC automatic |8-speed Aisin TG-81SD automatic }} | lithium-ion battery | lithium-ion battery }} The third-generation Volvo S60 entered production in 2018 for the 2019 model, going on sale in October 2018. With sales of three-box sedans steadily losing ground to SUV variants (and in Volvo's case, to the V60 as well), US production ended in June 2024 and sales came to an end in North America and Europe. A plant built over 60,000 vehicles per year for both American and export markets. Capacity can go up to 100,000 vehicles per year if demand calls for it. The facility is Volvo's seventh, joining two European, three Chinese, and one Malaysian location. As of 2022, the plant employs nearly 1,500 people. Trim levels The S60 is available in Core, Plus, Ultimate, and Polestar trim levels depending on the sales market. Other than the Polestar model, T6 Momentum model and the T6 R-Design all other S60 models can be purchased or leased in the traditional way. Polestar models will be offered solely through its Care by Volvo monthly subscription plan. Engines The S60 comes with four engine options: the t4, 187hp/190hp, the T5, which features a turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder sending to the front wheels (or all four wheels in some markets as an option), the T6, which features a Twincharged 2.0 I4, sending to all 4 wheels, and the T8, a performance-oriented plug-in hybrid which combines a turbocharged four-cylinder and an electric motor, replacing the supercharger from the T6 at the rear, sending a combined to all four wheels. The T8 produces and with a 11.6-kWh battery pack, it gets a range of on the electric model. In 2022, the T8 hybrid engine was updated by removing its supercharger, which with its electrical engine, produces max combined and torque. Battery pack was also increased to 18.8-kWh battery pack which improves the range to . In 2023, Volvo removed conventional engines as an option, meaning mild hybrids are the base engine option in the US. Safety Standard gear on all S60s includes an improved City Safety collision avoidance system based on Volvo's Vision 2020. The system can now help the driver do an evasive maneuver and can detect and mitigate oncoming vehicles at intersections. An optional Pilot Assist system is equipped into the model. The S60 was one of the IIHS's Top Safety Picks for 2020, and earned Top Safety Pick+ for 2021 and 2022. Gallery File:2019 Volvo S60 T6 Momentum in Fusion Red Metallic, Front Left, 04-29-2023.jpg|S60 Momentum T6 File:2019 Volvo S60 T6 Momentum in Fusion Red Metallic, Rear Left, 04-29-2023.jpg|S60 Momentum T6 File:2019 Volvo S60 R-Design Edition T5 Automatic 2.0 Rear.jpg|Volvo S60 R-Design Edition File:Volvo S60 T5 R Monrepos 2019 IMG 1889.jpg|Interior ==British land speed record==

On 14 and 15 October 2000, the first-generation S60 T5 broke 18 British land speed records (including the highest average speed over a 24-hour period) for a Production Car class D (2000–3000cc) at at the Millbrook Proving Ground, in Bedfordshire, UK. A joint project by Volvo and Prodrive and covered by Channel 4's Driven and Car magazine. The car was standard except for safety modifications such as a roll cage, exterior cut out switch, a modified fuel tank and additional head support to allow the drivers (BTCC drivers Anthony Reid, Rickard Rydell, John Cleland and Alain Menu as well as various Car journalists and Channel 4's Mike Brewer) to rest their neck during the 2-hour gaps between pit stops. Each pitstop included a driver change, refuel and tyre changes due to the extreme stresses being placed on the front outside tyre. The following records were broken: • 50 mile standing start: 148.59 mph • 100 mile standing start: 147.00 mph • 200 mile standing start: 144.05 mph • 500 mile standing start: 141.53 mph • 1000 miles standing start: 140.79 mph • 2000 miles standing start: 137.25 mph • 50 kilometre standing start: 147.39 mph • 200 kilometre standing start: 145.89 mph • 500 kilometre standing start: 141.63 mph • 1000 kilometre standing start: 140.79 mph • 2000 kilometre standing start: 139.75 mph • 5000 kilometre standing start: 135.75 mph • Flying five kilometres: 152.02 mph • Average speed over one hour: 145.63 mph • Average speed over three hours: 141.62 mph • Average speed over six hours: 141.58 mph • Average speed over 12 hours: 138.49 mph • Average speed over 24 hours: 135.10 mph ==Motorsport==

The S60 has been raced in a range of championships across Europe, North America and Australia. Europe Volvo regularly entered the S60 in the Swedish Touring Car Championship, where it finished 2nd in the drivers' championship twice and won the manufacturers' title once. The S60 continued to be raced after the formation of the Scandinavian Touring Car Championship, a merger of the Swedish and Danish touring car championships. Thed Björk won three consecutive titles from 2013 to 2015, and Rikard Göransson won the championship in 2016, driving an S60 prepared by Polestar Racing. From 2002 to 2007 there was an S60 one-make racing series as a support series to the Swedish Touring Car Championship known as the S60 Challenge Cup, using 26 factory-modified S60s. An S60 was driven by Robert Dahlgren in the Swedish round of the 2007 World Touring Car Championship. In 2016 the S60 made its return to the WTCC with Fredrik Ekblom and Thed Björk driving for Polestar Cyan Racing. Their 2017 lineup consists of Thed Björk, Nestor Girolami and Nick Catsburg. North America The first generation S60 made its competitive debut in 2006, racing in the Speed World Challenge GT class. The second-generation model was introduced for the 2009 season. In 2010, its programme was expanded to include the SCCA Pro Racing World Challenge, where it won both the drivers' championship, for factory driver Randy Pobst, his fourth, and manufacturers' championships in the GT class. The programme was expanded again in 2011 to include the Pirelli World Challenge. Australia Volvo competed in the V8 Supercars Championship with two rear wheel drive V8 B8444S powered S60s between 2014 and 2016 with Garry Rogers Motorsport highlighted by a debut 2nd place at the Adelaide 500, a last second overtake to steal a race win at the Phillip Island Circuit, and third for Scott McLaughlin in the 2016 series driver standings. ==Sales and marketing==

† Combined total for S60 and V60. ‡ Includes 67 sales of the S60L long-wheelbase version. Product placement Volvo vehicles, including the S60, appeared in the Twilight film series as part of a marketing partnership between Volvo and the franchise. Contemporary reporting noted that the exposure increased visibility for Volvo among younger audiences. ==See also==