Randal Cremer

Cremer was born to a working-class family in the southern English town of Fareham. His father was a coachman, who abandoned the family soon after Randal Cremer was born. His mother raised him along with his two sisters, ensuring he received an education at a local Methodist school. He augmented his knowledge by attending free lectures, was apprenticed as a builder and became a skilled carpenter. Moving to London 1852, Cremer became active as a union organiser, swiftly becoming a recognized labour leader. Cremer was elected as the Secretary of the International Workingmen's Association in 1865 but resigned two years later in 1867, when the organization decided to make women eligible for membership. Being strongly opposed to women's suffrage, Cremer might have now felt that the organisation was becoming too radical. While heavily involved in campaigning for progressive causes and respected by Karl Marx, Cremer did not agree with a worker-led revolution. ==Role in the international arbitration movement==

From as early as his first unsuccessful run for Parliament in 1868, Cremer had advocated the expansion of international arbitration as peaceful alternative to war for the resolution of disputes. Of the £8,000 award he donated £7,000 as an endowment for the International Arbitration League. won the Norwegian Knighthood of Saint Olaf and was knighted in 1907. Randal Cremer Primary School, in Haggerston, is named in his honour. ==Death==

Cremer died on 22 July 1908, leaving an estate of £2,241 (£1,803 net). Cremer's Nobel Prize medal was sold at auction at Sotheby's in London in November 1985 for $16,750 () ==See also==