The village was initially populated by coal miners and later grew as an overspill/commuter town for workers in Musselburgh and Edinburgh. A tribute to the miners can be found marked on a stone through the main road (Salters Road) of the village. A coal mine at Wallyford was worked for the profit of
Mary, Queen of Scots in 1563 and also supplied coal for her own fire at
Holyrood Palace. The town is overlooked by the restored
Fa'side Castle which was destroyed by the English after the
Battle of Pinkie in 1546. The town was formerly the site of
Wallyford Greyhound Stadium, which closed in 1992. Plans to build a second greyhound stadium in Wallyford were eventually abandoned in 2021 after two decades of planning. In 2016, construction began to regenerate the village. A new, replacement Primary School was completed in February 2019 and was followed by the new Wallyford Learning Campus in November 2024. A new village high street/centre will be created alongside a legible hierarchy of roads and footpaths, maximising connections throughout but in particular to the Village Centre and Community Woodland. Like much of East Lothian, Wallyford has undergone significant population growth in recent years, with planning permission granted for over 2,000 new homes in the area, as of 2024. These new developments, in combination with the opening of new Primary and Secondary school facilities and proximity to Edinburgh, have seen Wallyford transformed from a village into a growing town. ==Transport==