Joshua N. Haldeman

Haldeman was born in 1902 in Pequot Lakes, Minnesota, to father John Elon Haldeman, whose Mennonite ancestors had migrated to the US from the Swiss village of Signau in the 18th century to escape religious persecution, and mother Almeda Jane (Norman) Haldeman. He had a sister, also named Almeda. When he was two years old, his father was diagnosed with diabetes; in an effort to treat her husband, his mother studied at E. W. Lynch's Chiropractic School in Minneapolis and earned her D.C. on January 20, 1905. John Haldeman died in 1909. Almeda Haldeman remarried to Heseltine Wilson. Joshua Haldeman was reared on Wilson's ranch. Haldeman attended a number of colleges and universities, including Moose Jaw College, Regina College, Manitoba Agricultural College, and the University of Chicago. He graduated in 1926 from B. J. Palmer's Palmer School of Chiropractic in Iowa. Haldeman remained a friend of Palmer and a user of the neurocalometer, a device which Palmer leased to practitioners. ==Early career==

After a short time practicing as a chiropractor, Haldeman concentrated on farming, but the Great Depression led to his losing the farm in the mid-1930s. Thereafter, he worked in a variety of jobs including as a cowboy and a rodeo performer, then resumed a career as a chiropractor. Haldeman represented Saskatchewan at the founding of the Dominion Council of Canadian Chiropractors (later the Canadian Chiropractic Association) He was a founder member of the board of the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College. In 1947, he was elected vice president of the DCCC, and from 1948 to 1950 he was its appointed representative to the board of control of the International Chiropractors Association. ==Political activity in Canada==

From 1936 to 1941, he was involved in Howard Scott's Technocracy Incorporated, which led to his arrest under the wartime Defence of Canada Regulations on October 8, 1940, in Vancouver by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police on a charge of membership in an illegal organization. Technocracy Incorporated had been banned in Canada following the start of World War II since the organization was deemed subversive to the war effort. He was returned to Regina and released on $8,000 bail; at trial, he was fined $200 for his role "writing, publishing, or circulating" a document titled "Statement of Patriotism by Those Who Were Technocrats", which the court deemed likely to cause "disaffection to His Majesty". In 1941, he resigned from that group and for two years attempted to form his own political party, publishing a newsletter titled Total War & Defence. As an avowed anti-communist, Haldeman objected to Technocracy Incorporated's declaration of support for the Soviet Union following the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. In 1943, Haldeman joined the Social Credit Party of Canada and served as the Social Credit Party of Saskatchewan's leader, but failed to be elected in the constituency of Yorkton in the 1948 Saskatchewan general election. During that time, Haldeman formally made statements discouraging the publicizing of the prevalent antisemitism in the party. However, he also gave a speech defending a decision by a party newspaper to publish the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, an antisemitic fabrication claiming an International Jewish conspiracy to rule the world. In his speech, Haldeman said "that the plan as outlined in these protocols has been rapidly unfolding in the period of observation of this generation." In the 1949 Canadian federal election he ran in Lake Centre losing to future prime minister John Diefenbaker. He was chairman of the party's national council until 1949, when he resigned. ==South Africa==

, 1960s In 1950, he emigrated with his family to South Africa and settled in the capital Pretoria, where he opened a chiropractic clinic. He served as secretary of the South African Chiropractors Association from 1952 to 1959, after which he was its president until 1969. Haldeman told Afrikaner nationalist Die Transvaler, an extremist newspaper that was described as "a tool of the Nazis in South Africa" by a South African judge: "Instead of the Government's attitude keeping me out of South Africa, it had precisely the opposite effect—it encouraged me to come and settle here." Later Haldeman self-published a second book alleging international conspiracies: The International Conspiracy in Health targeted fluoridation, vaccinations, and health insurance. While Haldeman opposed the state mandating systems for the White population, for the Black population he wrote that "The State has the right to do for them what it thinks is best, the same rights as the parents have for their children". ==Personal life and death==

Haldeman married Eve Peters in 1934. Their first child, Joshua Jerry Noel Haldeman, was born the same year. The couple divorced by 1937. To facilitate travel between his home and practice in Regina and his various other commitments, including the ICA in Davenport, Iowa, Haldeman took flying lessons, earning his pilot's license in 1948 and buying a single-engine plane. He and his second wife became known as flying enthusiasts, toured North America, and in the mid-1950s co-wrote a book titled The Flying Haldemans: Pity the Poor Private Pilots. Haldeman co-founded the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association of South Africa and served as a representative on the Civil Aviation Advisory Council and the Air Navigation Regulations Committee of South Africa. On January 13, 1974, he and a passenger were killed when his plane's wheels caught in a powerline during a practice landing in his plane. == Electoral record ==