Nintendo had attempted to create a reliable wireless controller since the development of the
Famicom. Its first attempt was for the
Advanced Video System (AVS), the precursor to the
Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), which included two wireless controllers but was never released. Nintendo later developed an
infrared (IR) adapter called the
NES Satellite for the NES. Released in 1989, it used infrared to extend the length of up to four wired controllers, which would plug into the base of the unit rather than the console. The base could then be positioned anywhere within a certain range of the NES without the need for a cable. However, the extension base still needed a direct line of sight with the NES console; line of sight is a significant limitation of IR technology, requiring a clear space between an IR port and controller. Radio Frequency controllers were not possible in the late 1980s as the early digital RF links were bulky and used too much power to be useful in battery-powered devices. However, advancements in
integrated circuits made radio controllers for game consoles commercially viable only a decade later. The WaveBird, released in 2002, solved previous usability problems of wireless controllers by relying on
radio frequency communication instead of infrared, allowing the controller to be used anywhere within of the console. Although Nintendo only certifies the WaveBird to work within this range, tests have proven that they may work as far as on all 16 different channels. This controller would become the first modern wireless gaming controller, leading to the proliferation of wireless console gaming controllers for subsequent gaming generations, starting with the
seventh generation's
Wii Remote (
Wii),
DualShock 3 controller (
PlayStation 3) and the
Xbox 360 controller (
Xbox 360). ==Design==