Wayne Shorter

Wayne Shorter was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Louise and Joseph Shorter. He graduated from Newark Arts High School in 1952. Encouraged by his parents, Shorter began taking clarinet lessons at age 16 and later switched to tenor saxophone. While in high school, Wayne performed with the Nat Phipps Band in Newark. His older brother Alan played alto saxophone before switching to the trumpet in college. Shorter enrolled at New York University in 1952 and graduated with a degree in music education in 1956. After graduating, Shorter spent two years in the U.S. Army, during which time he played briefly with Horace Silver. After his discharge, he played with Maynard Ferguson. While growing up, Shorter loved comic books and science fiction as well as music. In his youth, Shorter acquired the nickname "Mr. Gone", which later became an album title for Weather Report. ==Career==

His early influences include Sonny Rollins, John Coltrane and Coleman Hawkins. In 1959, Shorter joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers where he stayed for four years, eventually becoming musical director and composing pieces for the band. Together they toured the US, Japan, and Europe, recording several albums. During this time, Shorter "established himself as one of the most gifted of the young saxophonists", and received international acknowledgment. With Miles Davis (1964–70) Herbie Hancock said of Shorter's tenure in Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet: "The master writer to me, in that group, was Wayne Shorter. He still is a master. Wayne was one of the few people who brought music to Miles that didn't get changed." Davis said, "Wayne is a real composer. He writes scores, writes the parts for everybody, just as he wants them to sound. ... Wayne also brought in a kind of curiosity about working with musical rules. If they didn't work, then he broke them, but with musical sense; he understood that freedom in music was the ability to know the rules, in order to bend them to your own satisfaction and taste." Ian Carr, musician and Rough Guide author, said that with Davis, Shorter found his own voice as a player and composer. "Blakey's hard-driving, straight-ahead rhythms had brought out the muscularity in Shorter's tenor playing, but the greater freedom of the Davis rhythm-section allowed him to explore new emotional and technical dimensions." Later career After leaving Weather Report in 1986, Shorter continued to record and lead groups in jazz fusion styles, including touring in 1988 with guitarist Carlos Santana, who appeared on This is This! (1986), the last Weather Report disc. There is a concert video recorded at the Lugano Jazz Festival in 1987, with Jim Beard (keyboards), Carl James (bass), Terri Lyne Carrington (drums), and Marilyn Mazur (percussion). In 1989, he contributed to a hit on the rock charts, playing the soprano saxophone solo on Don Henley's song "The End of the Innocence" and also produced the album Pilar by the Portuguese singer-songwriter Pilar Homem de Melo. He also maintained an occasional working relationship with Herbie Hancock, including a tribute album recorded shortly after Miles Davis's death with Herbie Hancock, Ron Carter, Tony Williams and Wallace Roney. He continued to appear on Mitchell's records in the 1990s, and can be heard on the soundtrack of the Harrison Ford film The Fugitive (1993). In 1995, Shorter released the album High Life, his first solo recording for seven years. It was also his debut as a leader for Verve Records. Shorter composed all the compositions on the album and co-produced it with the bassist Marcus Miller with pianist, synthesist, and sound designer Rachel Z. High Life received the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album in 1996. Shorter worked with Herbie Hancock once again in 1997, on the much acclaimed and heralded album 1+1. The song "Aung San Suu Kyi" (named for the Burmese pro-democracy activist) won both Hancock and Shorter a Grammy Award. In 2009, he was announced as one of the headline acts at the Gnaoua World Music Festival in Essaouira, Morocco. His 2013 live album Without a Net (rec. 2010) is his first with Blue Note Records since Odyssey of Iska (rec. 1970, rel. 1971). Quartet , 2010 In 2000, Shorter formed the first permanent acoustic group under his name, a quartet with pianist Danilo Perez, bassist John Patitucci, and drummer Brian Blade, playing his own compositions, many of them reworkings of tunes going back to the 1960s. Four albums of live recordings have been released: Footprints Live! (rec. live 2001, rel. 2002); Beyond the Sound Barrier (rec. live 2002–2004, rel. 2005); Without a Net (rec. live 2010, rel. 2013); and Emanon (2018), with the latter, in addition to live material, including Shorter's quartet in a studio session with the 34-piece Orpheus Chamber Orchestra. The quartet has received great acclaim from fans and critics, especially for the strength of Shorter's tenor saxophone playing. The biography Footprints: The Life and Work of Wayne Shorter by journalist Michelle Mercer examines the working life of the musicians as well as Shorter's thoughts and Buddhist beliefs. Beyond the Sound Barrier received the 2006 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album. Shorter's 2003 album Alegría (his first studio album for 10 years, since High Life) received the 2004 Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album; it features the quartet with a host of other musicians, including pianist Brad Mehldau, drummer Terri Lyne Carrington and former Weather Report percussionist Alex Acuña. Shorter's compositions, some new, some reworked from his Miles Davis period, feature the complex Latin rhythms that he specialized in during his Weather Report days. Wayne Shorter: Zero Gravity In 2015, producer/director Dorsay Alavi began filming a documentary about the life of Wayne Shorter called Wayne Shorter: Zero Gravity. A number of high-profile musicians, including Herbie Hancock, Esperanza Spalding, and Terri Lyne Carrington, performed at a donor event to raise funds for the documentary; two of the largest donations came from the Herb Alpert Foundation and Carlos Santana. In 2018, a four-hour preliminary cut was completed. Subsequently, Brad Pitt joined the project with his production company. After some delay, partly due to the Covid crisis, from August 2023, the documentary is available as a three-hour miniseries on Amazon Prime Video. Mega Nova In 2016, it was announced that Shorter, Carlos Santana, and Herbie Hancock would begin touring under the name Mega Nova. Also included within the supergroup was bassist Marcus Miller and drummer Cindy Blackman Santana. Their first show together was on August 24, 2016, at the Hollywood Bowl. Iphigenia In 2018, Shorter retired from his near 70-year performing career due to health issues. He continued working as a composer, creating a "new operatic work" titled Iphigenia, a loose adaptation of the ancient Greek myth; with Esperanza Spalding writing the libretto and architect Frank Gehry designing the sets, which premiered on November 12, 2021, at the Cutler Majestic Theatre. ==Personal life==

Shorter met Teruko (Irene) Nakagami in 1961. They married and had a daughter, Miyako. Some of his compositions are copyrighted as "Miyako Music" and Shorter dedicated the pieces "Miyako" and "Infant Eyes" to his daughter. The couple separated in 1964. Shorter met Ana Maria Patricio in 1966 and they married in 1970. Ana Maria and the couple's niece, Dalila, were killed on July 17, 1996 in the crash of TWA Flight 800, while traveling to visit Shorter in Italy. Dalila was the daughter of Ana Maria Shorter's sister and her husband, jazz vocalist Jon Lucien. Shorter practiced Nichiren Buddhism for more than 50 years as a longtime member of the Buddhist association Soka Gakkai International. Singer and actress Tina Turner credits Shorter with saving her life. In Turner's 2020 spiritual memoir Happiness Becomes You, she states that Shorter and Ana Maria gave her critical refuge at their home for six months in 1976 after Turner left her abusive husband, Ike Turner. Shorter died in Los Angeles, California, on March 2, 2023, aged 89. ==Honors and recognition==

In 1999, Shorter received an Honorary Doctorate of Music from the Berklee College of Music. On September 17, 2013, Shorter received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Herbie Hancock Institute of Jazz (formerly Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz). On December 18, 2014, the Recording Academy announced that Shorter had been awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in honor of his "prolific contributions to our culture and history". In 2016, Shorter was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in music composition, the only jazz artist to receive the honor that year. In 2017, Shorter was announced as the joint winner of the Polar Music Prize. The award committee stated: "Without the musical explorations of Wayne Shorter, modern music would not have drilled so deep." On April 29, 2022, Shorter's hometown of Newark renamed a street in his honor. Park Place was renamed "Wayne Shorter Way". On April 22, 2023, the BBC Radio Three magazine program J to Z broadcast a 90-minute tribute to Shorter, hosted by Julian Joseph. In August 2023, Herbie Hancock hosted a tribute concert at Hollywood Bowl, featuring a large number of performers including Carlos Santana and Joni Mitchell. Awards ==Discography==

• Introducing Wayne Shorter (aka Blues a la Carte, Vee-Jay, 1959) • Second Genesis (Vee-Jay, rec. 1960, rel. 1974) • Wayning Moments (Vee-Jay, 1962) • Night Dreamer (Blue Note, 1964) • JuJu (Blue Note, rec. 1964, rel. 1965) • Speak No Evil (Blue Note, rec. 1964, rel. 1966) • The Soothsayer (Blue Note, rec. 1965, rel. 1979) • Etcetera (Blue Note, rec. 1965, rel. 1980) • The All Seeing Eye (Blue Note, rec. 1965, rel. 1966) • ''Adam's Apple'' (Blue Note, rec. 1966, rel. 1967) • Schizophrenia (Blue Note, rec. 1967, rel. 1969) • Super Nova (Blue Note, 1969) • Moto Grosso Feio (Blue Note, rec. 1970, rel. 1974) • Odyssey of Iska (Blue Note, rec. 1970, rel. 1971) • Native Dancer (Columbia, rec. 1974, rel. 1975) with Milton Nascimento • Atlantis (Columbia, 1985) • Phantom Navigator (Columbia, rec. 1986, rel. 1987) • Joy Ryder (Columbia, 1988) • High Life (Verve, 1995) • 1+1 (Verve, 1997) with Herbie Hancock • Footprints Live! (Verve, 2002) • Alegría (Verve, 2003) • Beyond the Sound Barrier (Verve, rec. live 2002–2004, rel. 2005) as Wayne Shorter Quartet • Carlos Santana and Wayne Shorter – Live at the Montreux Jazz Festival 1988 (Image Entertainment, 2007) with Carlos Santana • Without a Net (Blue Note, rec. live 2010, rel. 2013) as Wayne Shorter Quartet • Celebration Volume 1 (Blue Note, 2024) ==References==