Anderson twice served as
Day County state's attorney and as an assistant attorney general in the state capital,
Pierre. Before he was elected governor he served two terms as
South Dakota Attorney General, 1947–1951. In the general election, Anderson defeated Democrat Albert F. Ulmer by a count of 106,502 votes to 50,480 votes.
1948 Attorney General election In 1948, Anderson was re-nominated without opposition at the Republican convention in Pierre. In the general election, Anderson was re-elected as Attorney General by defeating D.C. Walsh by a 137,370 to 99,724 vote margin.
Gubernatorial administration Anderson's re-election in 1952 marked the first time a candidate for South Dakota governor received more than 200,000 votes in a general election. This was not accomplished again until
Mike Rounds' reelection in 2006, over fifty years later. It was during Anderson's administration that the Legislative Research Council was established. It was also during this time that the state had a debt-free status—the first time in 40 years. In 1964, Anderson once again announced his candidacy for governor, but lost the GOP gubernatorial primary to
Nils Boe, who won the general election. Boe appointed Anderson to fill a vacancy as a circuit judge, from which position Anderson retired in 1975. ==Death and legacy==