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Wellesley, Massachusetts

Wellesley is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. Wellesley is part of the Greater Boston metropolitan area. The population was 29,550 at the time of the 2020 census. Wellesley College, Babson College, and a campus of Massachusetts Bay Community College are located in the town.

History
Wellesley was settled in the 1600s as part of Dedham, Massachusetts. It was subsequently a part of Needham, Massachusetts, called West Needham. On October 23, 1880, West Needham residents voted to secede from Needham, and the town of Wellesley was later christened by the Massachusetts legislature on April 6, 1881. The town was named after the estate "Wellesley" of local benefactor Horatio Hollis Hunnewell. Wellesley's population grew by over 80 percent around the 1920s. ==Geography==
Geography
Wellesley is located in eastern Massachusetts. It is bordered on the east by Newton, on the north by Weston, on the south by Needham and Dover and on the west by Natick. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water. • The Fells • Wellesley Square • Poets' Corner • Peirce Estates • College Heights • Wellesley Lower Falls Climate Wellesley has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb under the Köppen climate classification system), with high humidity and precipitation year-round. ==Demographics==
Demographics
The Census Bureau has also defined the town as a census-designated place with an area exactly equivalent to the town. About 2.4% of families and 3.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.0% of those under age 18 and 2.1% of those age 65 or over. ==Economy==
Economy
Wellesley is home to the headquarters of many local, national and global businesses including Benchmark Senior Living, Blank Label Apparel, Eagle Investment Systems, EPG Incorporated, GrandBanks Capital, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Livingston and Haynes PC, and Sun Life Financial U.S. Top employers According to Wellesley's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city were: The above figures do not include employees of the town itself, which included 1,322 full-time equivalent employees, 919 of which were school employee positions. ==Arts and culture==
Arts and culture
Historic district The town designated Cottage Street and its nearby alleys as the historic district in its zoning plan. Most houses in this district were built around the 1860s and qualify as protected buildings certified by the town's historic commission. Recent construction The town's historic 19th-century inn was demolished to make way for condominiums and mixed-use development in 2006. The Wellesley Country Club clubhouse, which is the building where the town was founded, was demolished in 2008, and a new clubhouse was built. The entire 1960s-style Linden Street strip-mall has been replaced by "Linden Square"—a shopping district that includes a flagship Roche Bros. supermarket, restaurants, cafes, clothing stores, along with a mixture of national chains and local shops. Library Wellesley opened its new Free Library building in 2003, which is part of the Minuteman Library Network. Due to the structure of budget override votes and perhaps the size of the new main branch of the library, the two branch libraries—one in Wellesley Hills, which was purpose-built to be a branch library in the 1920s, another in Wellesley Fells—closed in the summer of 2006. The branch libraries reopened in September 2008. The main library branch near Wellesley Square underwent a major interior renovation in 2021. ==Government==
Government
The town was governed through an open town meeting after it was incorporated. In 1933, citizens approved a ballot question to adopt a representative town meeting government, dividing the town into four precincts with 60 representatives each. The new form of government came into effect in 1934. In 2016, citizens rejected a ballot question to adopt a Selectmen-Manager government. The town is part of the Massachusetts Senate's Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex district. In 2010 Wellesley's Sustainable Energy Committee (SEC) was formed by Town Meeting. The committee's primary objective was a 10% town-wide reduction in Wellesley's carbon footprint and 20% reduction in carbon footprint for all municipal departments by the end of 2013. In 2014 Town Meeting voted to support a new goal of 25% reduction by 2020 using 2007 as the base year. The committee is responsible for Wellesley's adoption of the Massachusetts Stretch Building Code approved by Town Meeting effective January 2012. ==Education==
Education
The school system also contains a middle school and seven elementary schools (Bates, Upham, Schofield, Fiske, Hardy, Hunnewell, and Sprague). Wellesley includes a primary and secondary school which are Wellesley Middle School (also known as Wellesley Junior High) and Wellesley High School, respectively; and are the home of the Raiders. The town contains a private elementary school, Tenacre Country Day School, one private Catholic elementary school (St. John the Evangelist) and a preparatory school for girls, Dana Hall School. Also, the Wellesley A Better Chance outfit started in the early 1970s brings promising young women from underserved areas into town to attend Wellesley High School and live nearby. Wellesley also contains the main campus of three colleges: Wellesley College, a women's liberal arts college, Massachusetts Bay Community College, a two-year public college, and Babson, a business college. In 2024, Upham was officially closed following the rebuilds of Hunnewell and Hardy. ==Media==
Media
Events of significance to members of the Wellesley community are recorded in two local news publications: The Wellesley Townsman has been published since 1906, and The Swellesley Report since 2005. Both are available online and digitized copies of the paper-based Townsman are available from the Wellesley Free Library. ==Infrastructure==
Infrastructure
Transportation Wellesley has had rail service to Boston since 1833. Rail service is currently provided through Wellesley's participation in the MBTA, which offers a total of 17 weekdays Commuter Rail trains inbound towards Boston and outbound towards Framingham and Worcester. Wellesley's stations are (east to west) Wellesley Farms, Wellesley Hills, and Wellesley Square. The Wellesley Farms station is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. MWRTA bus service also runs along Walnut Street, Cedar Street, and Route 9. The highways Interstate 95/Massachusetts Route 128, Massachusetts Route 9, Massachusetts route 16 (as Washington Street) and Massachusetts route 135 run through Wellesley. Municipal light plant Wellesley is serviced by the Wellesley Municipal Light Plant. The three colleges voluntarily pay a premium to purchase electricity generated by wind power. In 2012, Wellesley was designated a Green Power Community by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. ==Notable people==
Notable people
Danny Ainge, executive director of basketball operations and general manager of the Boston CelticsRay Allen, former player for the Boston CelticsEmily Greene Balch, Nobel Peace Prize winner • Roger Nash Baldwin, co-founder of American Civil Liberties UnionArthur Batcheller, U.S. radio inspector • Katharine Lee Bates, author of "America the Beautiful" • Gamaliel Bradford, poet, biographer • Dee Brown, former basketball player for the Boston Celtics and NBA executive • Laurence E. Bunker, United States Army colonel, aide to Gen. Douglas MacArthur, leader within the John Birch SocietyR. Nicholas Burns, former U.S. Under Secretary of State, Ambassador to NATO and to Greece, and State Department spokesman • Karl E. Case, developer of the Case–Shiller indexDan Chiasson, poet and New Yorker critic • Gene Clapp, Olympic silver medalist men's eight • Katharine Coman, historian, professor of economics and sociology, author • Greg Comella, former professional football player with the New York Giants, Titans, Texans and Buccaneers • Jane Curtin, comedian, original cast member of Saturday Night LiveRichard Darman, economist, former head of the Office of Management and BudgetErik Davis, former pitcher for the Washington Nationals • Blake Dietrick, WNBA basketball player with the Seattle Storm and former standout with the Princeton TigersDennis Eckersley, former pitcher for the Oakland A'sNancy Hasty Evans, politician • Carl Everett, former center fielder for the Boston Red SoxIsabel Fiske Conant, poet and playwright • Nicole Freedman (born 1972), Olympic cyclist • Nate Freiman (born 1986), first baseman for the Oakland AthleticsWendell Arthur Garrity Jr., U.S. District Court judge • Curt Gowdy, sports commentator • Michael S. Greco, president of American, Massachusetts, and New England bar associations • Lester Grinspoon, psychiatrist, professor, and drug policy reform advocate • Ariulf Eric Hampe, German electrical and aeronautical engineer • Jay Harrington American actor • Gordon Hayward, small forward for the Boston CelticsH. H. Hunnewell (1810–1902), railroad financier and horticulturist • Andrea Jung, CEO of Avon Products • Phil Laak, professional poker player, winner of 2004 World Poker TourChristopher Leggett, film producer • Xihong Lin, Department of Biostatistics chair at the Harvard School of Public Health • Gregory Mankiw, Harvard economics professor • Daisuke Matsuzaka, former pitcher for the Boston Red Sox • Bijan Mazaheri, distance runner • Fred McLafferty, professor, analytical chemist, author, inventor, leading developer of mass spectrometryDrew Meekins, figure skater • Ossian Everett Mills, founder of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity • Brian Moynihan, CEO of Bank of America • Bill Mueller, former third baseman for the Boston Red Sox • Joseph E. Murray, surgeon, winner of the Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1990 • Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-American author • Joe Nash, retired NFL player for the Seattle Seahawks • Sylvia Plath, poet and author, The Bell JarRichard Preston and Douglas Preston, best-selling authors • Aneesh Raman, former presidential speechwriter at the White House and CNN Middle East Correspondent • Edward Thomas Ryan, president, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene; professor, Harvard University • James St. Clair, defense lawyer for Richard Nixon during WatergateJack Sanford, former MLB pitcher, 1957 MLB Rookie of the Year Award recipient • Billy Squier, rock musician • Brad Stevens, former head coach and current general manager of the Boston Celtics • Biz Stone, Twitter co-founder • Steven Tyler, rock musician, lived in Wellesley during the late 1990s and early 2000s • Michael von Clemm, banker, anthropologist and founder of Canary WharfRasheed Wallace, retired professional basketball player • Greg Yaitanes, Emmy Award-winning film director, writer, actor • Eddie Yost, baseball player and coach ==References==
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