, the last Welsh Prince of Wales, depicted in the
Chronica Majora. Before the
conquest of Gwynedd by
Edward I, Wales was ruled by a number of Kings and Princes whose dominions shifted and sometimes merged following the vagaries of war, marriage and inheritance. All these Kings and Princes were ascribed personal coats of arms, often retrospectively if they lived before the dawn of heraldry, and these were borne by their descendants in Wales. The two principal Welsh kingdoms were those of
Gwynedd, in the north, and
Deheubarth in the south. Of these, the most successful, and the last, finally, to fall, was that of Gwynedd, and the arms now borne by the Princes of Wales as an escutcheon are the historic arms of the dynasty of Gwynedd as borne by the last native Princes of Wales, including
Llywelyn the Great and
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. The arms associated with former
Kingdom of Powys are a red lion rampant on a gold field. They were used by the House of Mathrafal when Powys was an independent kingdom and later by the Earls of Powis (
de la Pole and
de Cherleton families) up until the late Middle Ages and can now be found on various civic coats of arms. The arms associated with the principal dynasty of south Wales (Deheubarth) are, on the other hand, a gold lion rampant on a red field within an indented (sometimes engrailed) gold border. Although never included in the English Royal Arms, they continue to be borne by families descended from the dynasty of Deheubarth: most notably by the Talbot family (
Earl of Shrewsbury, etc.) which married an heiress of the dynasty in the 14th century. == Glyndŵr Rebellion ==