Upon completing her doctorate, Chapman joined the
University of Pittsburgh as a postdoctoral fellow in Biomedical Informatics before joining their faculty. As an
assistant professor, she worked with the RODS Lab on biosurveillance and learned how to develop and evaluate NLP techniques. She eventually left the institution to join the
University of California, San Diego in 2010. Prior to leaving, she was elected a Fellow of the
American Medical Informatics Association for her "sustained technical and organizational contributions to the field." Her work in "developing informatics algorithms and tools for natural language processing, a means of using computational power to pull data from doctor’s notes and health records that are otherwise hidden from automated analyses," was recognized with an election to the
National Academy of Medicine. In 2019, after serving for six years as Chair of the University of Utah School of Medicine's Division of Biomedical Informatics, Chapman left the institution to join the
University of Melbourne. During the
COVID-19 pandemic, Chapman was appointed to the board of the Australasian Institute of Digital Health. She is also an Associate Editor of the
Journal of Biomedical Informatics. ==Personal life==