Whataroa

The Māori name of the area was Matainui, still preserved in the Matainui Creek which passes through the town. A post office was built in what is now the centre of the settlement in the 1930s and named the Matainui P.O. but when it was moved to a new building the locals petitioned for it to be renamed "Wataroa" (spelled thus), after the nearby river and flats. and is still a common pronunciation by locals. The post office was changed to the official name "Whataroa" in 1951. The Māori word means an elevated stage, and denotes "long or tall". == History ==

The history of Whataroa is tied to the gold rush settlement of Ōkārito on the coast, which boomed in 1865–66. Ōkārito was the third-largest port in Westland at the time, supplying other coastal gold-mining settlements, and the inland camps at Waiho and the Forks. By the end of the 1860s most claims had been worked out, and the district's population had dropped from 4500 to 650. Surveyors had explored the Whataroa area around 1860, and Gerhard Mueller spent three months exploring the inland area in 1866, venturing to Lake Rotokino with his Māori guides and becoming the first European to see the white heron nesting colony on the Waitangiroto River. In the 1870s Harry Friend, a butcher from Ōkārito, began running cattle on the Whataroa flats to supply the gold miners. The area between the Whataroa River and the Waitangitāhuna (called the Waitangi or Waitangitaona at the time) was tōtara forest, swampland, and pakihi clearings, all suitable for grazing. More cattle farmers followed, and an inland track was cleared past the Forks and Lake Wahapo to the interior. After the opening of the road connecting Haast with Otago over the Haast Pass on 12 November 1960, it was possible to use trucks to take stock south to Cromwell, and the last mob of cattle was driven north to Whataroa in 1961. In the 1930s a new post office was built in what is now the centre of town, at the junction of Main South and Flat roads. Much later it moved to a modern post office building opposite the school. In 1937 the Arnold family set up a garage in the former dairy factory with a single truck, and built a new garage in 1945, setting up a freight and transport company that became one of the largest on the West Coast, before merging with Ross Transport in 1972 to become Trans West. At one point the garage supplied electricity for the township, which had no public supply. After 1945 clearing and draining of the Whataroa flats accelerated, with better farm machinery, top-dressing of fertiliser, and flood control. A telephone exchange, Bank of New Zealand, RSA Hall, and War Memorial rooms were built. A 1959 report noted Whataroa was "primarily a cattle and sheep grazing area, there being only a limited amount of dairying," ==Geography==

A 1959 survey described the Whataroa region as 14,000 acres of alluvial flats between the Whataroa and Waitangi-tona (Whatangitāhuna) Rivers, 8 miles long and 2–4 miles wide. In addition there were 7,500 acres of rough grazing flats, 3,000 acres of alluvial fans east of the Whataroa, and 2,000 acres of wetland available to drain. The report concluded:The soils of this area are generally shallow, friable, sandy, and gravelly loams resting on gravels and sands, the original cover of which was mainly totara, but contain many low-lying wet and underdrained areas merging into shallow wet swamps with remains of kahikatea bush, The whole area is cleared and occupied but pastures generally are not very good, large areas being badly infested with rushes. The fault passes about to the southeast of Whataroa, crossing State Highway 6 a few hundred metres west of the Whataroa River bridge. In 2017, scientists reported that they had drilled into the Alpine Fault near Whataroa and found a high geothermal gradient that was, according to one of the lead researchers, Virginia Toy, "likely to be unique globally". Water with a temperature of was found at a depth of , whereas water at that temperature would typically occur at depths of more than . The project's lead scientist, Rupert Sutherland, said that the find "could be commercially very significant for New Zealand". traces in the vicinity of Whataroa == Waitangiroto Nature Reserve ==

The Waitangiroto Nature Reserve is a protected area near Whataroa. The reserve consists of lowland kahikatea swamp forest either side of the Waitangiroto River. It is notable as the site of the only breeding colony of kōtuku or white heron (Ardea alba modesta) in New Zealand. The breeding colony is a visitor attraction, but access to the entire nature reserve is by permit only. The colony is often incorrectly called the "Okarito" white heron colony, despite Ōkārito being some distance further south. White Heron Sanctuary Tours in Whataroa is the only company with a permit to take tourists to the white heron colony. During the breeding season of mid-September to February visitors are taken in a minibus to the edge of the reserve and walk through native bush to a viewing hide, where they can observe the colony. Other birds can also be seen in the reserve alongside the kōtuku, including royal spoonbill and the little shag. The Arnold family assists the Department of Conservation with predator control around the nature reserve. ==Churches==

Our Lady of the Woods Our Lady of the Woods is a Catholic church located at 7 Whataroa Flat Road, Whataroa, within the South Westland parish of Our Lady of the Woods. Mass is held at Our Lady of the Woods twice monthly, on the first and third Sundays. In the 1880s there were three established Catholic congregations in the parish of South Westland, which was run out of Ross, with a priest undertaking the long journey by horseback to Okarito, Gillespies Beach, and Whataroa at least annually. Father Bogue of St Patrick's church in Ross organised the building of a church on the main road of Whataroa in 1907, on land donated by John Butler and Duncan Scalley. The declining population of Okarito and Gillespies Beach made the churches there redundant, and in 1920 Father John Riordan had to rescue the altar and furnishings from the Gillespies Beach church from cattle that had forced the door and taken shelter. The Bishop of Christchurch, Matthew Brodie, laid the foundation stone on 22 April 1934, and the church was blessed and dedicated later that year, on 30 September, by Bishop Brodie. St Luke's St Luke's Church is an Anglican church in the parish of Ross and South Westland, north of Our Lady of the Woods on Whataroa Flat Road. In 1916 funds were raised for a new Anglican church, incorporating materials from the disused Goldsborough church. The church was sufficiently finished at the next annual visit to the West Coast of Bishop Julius for him to dedicate it on 10 July 1919. Completed at a cost of £190, the church includes a three-light memorial stained-glass window behind the altar, donated by Henry Burrough and his sister in memory of their brother Joseph who died while serving in France during World War I; originally in the east wall, the window was moved at the suggestion of Bishop Julius to be sheltered from the prevailing winds. The first couple married in the church were district nurse Mabel Baker and farmer Frank Gunn on 17 May 1921. A bell was hung in 1923, and removed to a free-standing tower in 1945, when the vestry was lined and buttresses added to either side of the building. ==Education==

Henry Pierson opening the Whataroa School Community Library, 22 June 1991 The first school in the area opened on 1 July 1879 with 12 pupils on the main road north of the Waitangi (Waitangitāhuna) River. The two-room Waitangi School was used for community activities, including dances. A small school at Te Taho closed in 1947, with pupils then bussing to Whataroa. Wataroa School, as it was named, was originally sited on the corner of Purcell's Road, and in the 1920s with a roll of 44 and one teacher was moved to the present site. A two-roomed structure was built and a second teacher appointed. By the 1950s the teaching staff had risen to four and the school was renamed to "Whataroa School". In 1962 the old two-roomed building was rebuilt with two classrooms, a staff room, and an office, and in 1965 accommodation was built for women teachers. and a roll of as at . In the 1970s the school expanded with a dental clinic, pool, and a library in a prefabricated building next to the main school. ==Events==

Sports and competitive wood-chopping events were held regularly in the town centre from the earliest days, as well as the annual Whataroa Races. Also founded in 1933 was the short-lived Wataroa Aero Club, which was finally wound up in 1953 and its land handed over for a public domain; memorial gates were installed to honour Constable Ted Best, a founder of the club who was killed in the Stanley Graham shooting. ==References==