Stubbs's knowledge of
equine physiology was unsurpassed by any painter; he had studied anatomy at
York and, from 1756, he spent 18 months in
Lincolnshire where he carried out dissections and experiments on dead horses to better understand the animal's physiology. He suspended the cadavers with block and tackle to better able sketch them in different positions. The careful notes and drawings he made during his studies were published in 1766 in
The Anatomy of the Horse. Even before the publication of his book, Stubbs's dedication to his subject reaped him rewards: his drawings were recognized as more accurate than the work of other equine artists and commissions from aristocratic patrons quickly followed.
Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham was a
Whig politician, later to be twice
Prime Minister, and exceptionally rich even by the standards of that wealthy group. In 1762 he commissioned Stubbs to produce a series of portraits of his horses, one of which was Whistlejacket. He was also a collector of art, commissioning several works in Italy on his
Grand Tour in the late 1740s, but his great leisure interests were, typically for his class,
horseracing and
gambling. His wife wrote of her hopes that he would restrict himself to gambling "just upon
the turf, for there is always a possibility of some sort of pleasure in that; but not the smallest in other sorts".
Wentworth House, as it was then known, had been "rebuilt by his father on a huge scale" and empty walls needed filling.
Horace Walpole, on the visit in 1766 mentioned below, complained of the un-landscaped park "This lord loves nothing but horses, and the enclosures for them take place of everything". The Wentworth archives, "though unusually comprehensive, contain no clear reference to the commission to paint
Whistlejacket", though some indication of the likely price comes from a receipt by Stubbs dated 30 December 1762 for "Eighty
Guineas for one Picture of a Lion and another of a Horse Large as Life", probably a different picture for Rockingham's London house. Earlier in 1762, Stubbs had painted a second portrait of Whistlejacket, with two other unnamed stallions and a groom, Joshua or Simon Cobb. According to a story in the biography of Stubbs by his friend and fellow-painter
Ozias Humphrey, when the portrait was nearly finished Whistlejacket was accidentally led in front of it by a stable boy and reacted violently, treating it as a rival stallion, and lifting the boy holding him fully off the ground in his attempts to attack the painting. The story probably originated with Stubbs himself, but is probably too good to be true; it clearly recalls
Pliny the Elder's famous story of
Zeuxis and Parrhasius. When Wentworth was remodelled under a later
Earl Fitzwilliam, a 40-foot square "Whistlejacket Room" was created to showcase the painting, with only single family portraits by Sir
Joshua Reynolds and Sir
Thomas Lawrence to keep it company. Wentworth Woodhouse ceased to be occupied by the family after World War II, and the painting was loaned to
Kenwood House in London from 1971 to 1981, the
Tate Gallery 1984–85, and the National Gallery from 1996 before its purchase the next year. It is now displayed in the centre of room 34, and is framed by doorways at the end of a long
enfilade so that it can be seen through ten intervening rooms from the Sainsbury Wing, at the other end of the gallery. It is consistently among the top ten most popular National Gallery paintings in various forms of reproduction. The painting is in "very good condition" and was "
lined, cleaned and restored a few years before its acquisition."
Legends as to the origin One story was that Rockingham had intended to commission an equestrian portrait of
George III; Stubbs would paint the horse while two other notable portrait and landscape painters would fill in the king and the landscape respectively. In one account, The painting was supposedly intended to accompany a similarly sized equestrian portrait of
George II by
David Morier, but Rockingham then changed his mind. According to Horace Walpole, on a visit to Wentworth where he was probably shown round by the housekeeper, the painting was intended as a gift for the King, but Rockingham supposedly had not bothered to support progress of the painting after falling out of favour, and ordered it hung at Wentworth Woodhouse uncompleted instead. Another reason popularly given for it being "unfinished" is that Rockingham was so impressed by Whistlejacket's furious reaction when confronted by Stubbs working on the painting in his stable, that he ordered it hung without further decoration. Stubbs produced other paintings of horses against blank backgrounds for Rockingham, nothing in the painting indicates that it is not complete, and the detail of the shadows cast by Whistlejacket's rear legs on the ground suggest that this is how Stubbs intended the picture to be seen. ==Horse history==