Early life and military service Robertson was born on August 3, 1920, in Manard,
Muskogee County, Oklahoma, to William Alexander Robertson Sr. (1893–1952) and Caroline Ellen "Callie" Robertson (
née Harris; 1896–1981). After graduating from high school, he attended
Vanderbilt University before and after the war. During
World War II he enlisted in the
United States Marine Corps and served in the
Pacific Theater as a
Captain and served during the
Korean War, retiring at the rank of
Major.
Central Intelligence Agency He entered the
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in 1947 and served as a Paramilitary Operations Officer in their famed
Special Activities Division. In 1954 he was one of a handful of paramilitary case officers assigned to the CIA task force charged by President
Dwight D. Eisenhower with destabilizing the democratically elected government of
President of Guatemala Jacobo Arbenz. This covert action operation was accomplished in a straightforward manner through psychological warfare measures designed and managed by CIA propaganda and
psy-ops experts David Phillips and
Howard Hunt. From a secret radio transmitter located on
Swan Island, off the
Honduran coast, Phillips and Hunt scripted and broadcast a steady and increasingly bellicose stream of false news reports from a so-called "insurgent radio station" that was supposedly located in the mountains of
Guatemala. Meanwhile, Robertson and his colleagues brought a relatively small unit of armed and trained guerrillas into the countryside outside of
Guatemala City to make loud but non-lethal demonstrations of force. The combination of alarmist false radio broadcasts and loud explosions detonated by Robertson in the countryside succeeded splendidly in convincing Arbenz and his troops that a large well-armed insurgent "army" was poised outside the capital preparing to attack at any moment. These efforts, punctuated by the fly-over of the capital by a couple of CIA-controlled fighter-bombers with Nicaraguan Air Force markings and dropping a couple of bombs, convinced Arbenz that his own pilots had defected to the anti-government insurgency and that his capital was about to fall. Arbenz hurriedly fled the country, thus accomplishing President Eisenhower's order with virtually no bloodshed. In a subsequent
Central American operation, a team of guerrillas led by Robertson mis-identified a British cargo ship for a Soviet freighter at anchor in a Nicaraguan harbor that was thought to be en route to
Cuba with arms and ordnance for
Fidel Castro. Robertson's guerrillas mined the vessel, sinking it in the harbor and killing some British seamen, resulting in an international uproar and a diplomatic demarche from
London. Robertson accepted responsibility for the operation and although he was dismissed from the Agency by the chief of the CIA's Western Hemisphere Division, Colonel J.C. King—reportedly on Eisenhower's orders—Robertson was never considered to be an outcast by his CIA colleagues. Robertson remained in
Nicaragua, where he acquired large tracts of farmland near
Puerto Cabezas on the
Caribbean coast and went into the coffee business. He was thus well positioned to provide covert assistance to CIA when it began the search for remote sites to train Cuban exiles. Robertson offered such a site which became the principal training camp for what was to become Brigade 2506, which subsequently landed at the
Bay of Pigs in 1961. At this time, Robertson was re-employed by the Agency on a contract (vice staff) basis to help lead the 2506 Brigade during the 1961 invasion of Cuba. During the battle he commanded the ship
Barbara J while
Grayston Lynch commanded the ship
Blagar. Robertson and Lynch both went ashore to supervise the brigade from the beach. Both Robertson and Lynch were under fire for several hours until they were ordered by Washington off the beach—an order which they reluctantly obeyed. During Operation l'Ommegang, Robertson subsequently led a unit of 17 Cuban exiles in the
Congo Crisis. in an attempt to rescue US nationals being held hostage by rebel factions during the
Simba Rebellion, including CIA agents in the
Orientale Province, and especially around Stanleyville. During Operation Dragon Rouge (Operation Red Dragon) his team managed to rescue 24 of 25 stranded missionaries at the Kilometer 8 mission just north of Stanleyville. Robertson left Laos in November 1970 on an emergency evacuation due to the effects of Malaria.
Death He died in
Dallas, Texas, on December 1, 1970. He was married to Sara James West (1925–2019) and they had a son together. ==References==