William Cottrell

Cottrell graduated from the University of Chicago in 2002 as a double major in physics and mathematics. He competed for the university's Division III cross country team, where he was often called the "team genius". ==SUV arsons==

In August 2003, while a graduate student at Caltech, Cottrell and fellow physics student Tyler Johnson discussed placing bumper stickers on SUVs reading "SUV = TERRORISM" to draw attention to the environmental impact of large vehicles. ==Trial==

Cottrell was arrested in March 2004 after law enforcement traced the "Tony Marsden" emails to him. In an October 24, 2004 federal grand jury indictment he was charged with conspiracy to commit arson, multiple counts of arson, and one count of using a destructive device during a crime of violence. At trial, Cottrell's lawyers stated that he had been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome and sought to introduce expert testimony about how the condition affected his judgment and susceptibility to influence. Judge Gary Klausner limited the extent to which Asperger-related evidence could be presented as part of the defense. Cottrell admitted being present during the incidents but denied throwing Molotov cocktails, testifying that Johnson had planned and carried out the arsons and that he had not initially understood that arson was being contemplated. ==Appeal==

On 8 September 2009, Cottrell's convictions and sentences for arson were overturned by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. However, the conspiracy conviction and sentence were affirmed. The omission of Cottrell's diagnosis of Asperger syndrome during his 2004 trial played a key role in the decision. ==Imprisonment==

An article in the LA Weekly reported that Billy was being mistreated by prison guards who have labeled him a "terrorist". According to the article, he was not permitted to study physics or Mandarin Chinese, was not permitted to teach the other prisoners calculus, and had had his books and papers removed without being given a reason. A letter in Cottrell's defense, signed by Stephen Hawking and other prominent scientists, was distributed to prison authorities and the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals at Cottrell's October 18, 2006 hearing. Cottrell was then able to study subjects that he was denied at the last prison and no longer had a roommate. ==Later life==

Cottrell was released on August 16, 2011. After his release from prison he completed his Ph.D. in theoretical and mathematical physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and postdoctorate research at the University of Amsterdam and Stanford University. ==Documentary film==

A documentary film on Cottrell, titled Standard Deviation, was written and directed by David Randag and Chris Brannan in 2008. In 2009, it won the Emmy for best student documentary at the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation's 30th College Television Awards. ==References==