In 1822, he returned to his native Newfoundland to carry on some family business and property interests. Cormack decided to undertake a venture never before attempted by a European, to explore the interior of Newfoundland. His other goal was to make contact with the
Beothuk and to establish friendly relationship with the few surviving native people. On 5 September 1822, Cormack's expedition departed from
Smith Sound,
Trinity Bay, along with his only companion
Joseph Sylvester, a young
Mi'kmaq hunter from
Miawpukek,
Bay d'Espoir. By early October, they had reached the centre of the island and came across a hilly ridge, which Cormack named after his
Edinburgh teacher (
Robert Jameson) as Jameson's Mountains (now
Jamieson Hills). They arrived in
St. George's Bay on 4 November of the same year but had not encountered any Beothuk. Cormack continued on to Little Bay and Fortune. He departed for
Dartmouth, England, arriving there on 10 February 1823. From his exploration, Cormack prepared an account of his travels, which was first published in England in 1824. Other versions of his travels were published in 1828 and 1856. He describes the interior with an accuracy no subsequent traveller has matched; his
Narrative is the undisputed classic of Newfoundland travel. His botanical observations were the most important since those of Sir
Joseph Banks in 1766. His account of the mineralogy and geology of the interior were important for the exploration by
Joseph Beete Jukes in 1840. Again, his work contributed to the decision by
William Edmond Logan to extend his 1864 geological survey to Newfoundland . It was led by
Alexander Murray and
James Patrick Howley. On 22 July 1823, Cormack wrote
Lord Bathurst, the British colonial secretary, enclosing a sketch of the interior of the island and a short account of the route followed. He highlighted the plight of the Beothuk and expressed his intention to pursue further inquiries into their condition, as well as to study further the natural resources of the colony. After returning to Newfoundland, Cormack organized a center devoted to the Beothuk, and began to solicit community support to rescue the remnants of their people from extinction. He founded the Boeothick Institution (now the
Beothuk Institute) on 2 October 1827 at
Twillingate. His intention was to open communication with
the Red Indians of Newfoundland, to promote their civilisation according to British standards, and to learn about their history. Many prominent citizens subscribed to his expedition. Cormack departed with three native guides, a Canadian
Abenaki, a Labrador
Montagnais and a young Mi'kmaq, to explore the area around the
Exploits River and
Red Indian Lake, but found it deserted. As a last resort, the Boeothick Institution sent a native search party to the region of Notre Dame Bay and
White Bay, but they encountered no Beothuk. The people were feared to be on the verge of extinction. Although Cormack found many artifacts and other evidence of Beothuk culture, his attempt to locate and save the people from extinction proved unsuccessful. In the winter of 1828 he learned of
Shanawdithit, a young Beothuk woman who was living with settlers in St. John's after having been rescued from starvation. In the winter 1828–1829, Cormack brought her to his centre so he could learn from her. He drew funds from his institute to pay for her support. She drew ten drawings for him of the island, as well as of dwellings, tools and culture of the Beothuk. She taught him some of her vocabulary as she recounted Beothuk history and myths. Already suffering from
tuberculosis, she died in the spring of 1829. In January 1829, after Cormack's business ventures failed, he left Newfoundland. Apart from occasional visits to Britain, and another brief visit to Newfoundland in 1862, Cormack spent his later years in
British Columbia on the Pacific Coast. He died, unmarried, at
New Westminster, British Columbia. ==Legacy and honors==