Dr.
Sam B. Williams worked at
Chrysler on
their automotive turbine systems, but always imagined a wider set of applications for the small gas turbine engine. He left Chrysler to form
Williams Research Corporation in
Birmingham, Michigan, in 1954. In 1981, the company became
Williams International. It has been building small
turbofan engines since the 1950s for use in cruise missiles as well as target and reconnaissance
drones. Using the missile engines, Williams developed a series of personal
VTOL flying craft, including a jet-powered belt in 1969, the
Williams Aerial Systems Platform (WASP), also known as the "flying pulpit" in the 1970s, and the
X-Jet, which was evaluated by the
United States Army in the 1980s. The WASP platform was the only competitor to the
Garrett STAMP in the United States Marine Corps STAMP (Small Tactical Aerial Mobility Platform) program of the early 1970s. Also in the 1980s, Williams identified a need in the
general aviation market for a small, light jet engine to power cost-effective personal and corporate jet aircraft. The company introduced the
FJ44 engine, which in turn made possible the introduction of a number of small jet aircraft. In 1992,
NASA initiated its
Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments (AGATE) program to partner with manufacturers and help develop technologies that would revitalize the sagging general aviation industry. In 1996, Williams joined AGATE's General Aviation Propulsion program to develop a fuel-efficient turbofan engine that would be even smaller than the FJ44. The result was the FJX-2 engine. Williams then contracted with
Burt Rutan's
Scaled Composites to design and build the
Williams V-Jet II, a
Very Light Jet to use as a testbed and technology demonstrator to showcase the new engine. The aircraft and engine were debuted at the 1997
Oshkosh Airshow. The production version of the engine, the EJ22 flew on the prototype
Eclipse 500 VLJ (which had evolved from the V-Jet II), but was subsequently replaced by a
Pratt & Whitney engine. ==Products==