MarketWoodley Mansion
Company Profile

Woodley Mansion

Woodley is a Federal-style hilltop house in Washington, D.C., constructed in 1801. It has served as the home to Grover Cleveland, Martin Van Buren, and Henry L. Stimson, and is now the home of the Maret School.

History
The land on which the house now stands was once owned by Colonel Ninian Beall, a Scottish immigrant whose 795-acre tract stretched from the Potomac River to the future site of the Woodley Mansion. Some of the land, including the future site of the mansion, was purchased in the early 1790s by Benjamin Stoddert and Uriah Forrest, at the request of George Washington, to prevent it from being bought up by speculators who would then have sold it to the government for huge prices. In 1797, the wooded estate was purchased by Phillip Barton Key, the uncle of the author of "The Star Spangled Banner," Francis Scott Key. In 1801, Key commissioned the Federal-style design based on the Woodley Lodge in Reading, England. The word "Woodley" means "clearing in the woods." In 1938, Henry Stimson gave Woodley to his alma mater Phillips Academy, Andover, though he and his wife continued to live there. In 1950, Andover sold the house and grounds to the private Maret School. In 1952, Maret moved to the new campus from its 1923 building at 2118 Kalorama Road NW. Maret has used the house as a learning center, a library, a business office, admissions office, and the head of school's office. ==Residents==
Residents
Over the years, many prominent people have lived in the house, including: , the creator of Woodley. Philip Barton Key Philip Barton Key, born into a prominent family of Maryland planters, sacrificed his inheritance to fight for a Loyalist regiment in the American Revolution. He was eventually captured, paroled, and sent to England, where he studied law at the Middle Temple of the Inns at Court. While there, he visited Prime Minister Henry Addington at the Woodley Lodge. When Key returned to Washington, D.C., he modeled his own home after the original lodge in England. shaped the character of the area around Woodley during his stay there. Francis Newlands Francis Newlands, a beneficiary of the Comstock Silver Mine, was both a politician and a real estate tycoon. As Senator from Nevada, he championed the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1901, which culminated in the irrigation of huge sections of the West. At the local level, he developed the suburb of Chevy Chase, boosting his land's value by extending Connecticut Avenue, building a streetcar line, and helping to create Rock Creek Park. After renting Woodley to the Clevelands in 1893, he added a block of rooms on the east side of the building and moved in himself around 1900. , a diplomat and an Undersecretary of State, lived in Woodley from 1915 to 1919. William Phillips William Phillips was a career diplomat and a lifelong friend of Franklin Roosevelt. When he and his wife Caroline rented Woodley (1915–1919), he was Assistant Secretary of State and also the host of numerous dinners attended by the Roosevelts. Phillips went on to a career as ambassador to Belgium, Canada and Italy, where for six years, he tried to keep Mussolini's ambitions in check. He continued to serve in many vital overseas assignments under his old friend Franklin Roosevelt until his official retirement in 1944. Henry L. Stimson in 1929, around the time he purchased Woodley. Henry L. Stimson purchased Woodley in 1929, and was its last private owner-resident. He served as Secretary of State during the Hoover administration, and was the Secretary of War for both Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman during World War II, until his retirement in September 1945. When Stimson and his wife Mabel bought Woodley, they added cloakrooms (now little offices) on either side of the portico. It was widely reported at the time that Stimson had paid $1,000,000 () for Woodley, but later reports put the sale cost at around $750,000 () or $850,000 (). Later reports said that Stimson attempted to give Woodley to the federal government to serve as the official residence of the Secretary of State. This was unsuccessful, allegedly because it was feared that other cabinet officers would desire official homes. Stimson also reportedly offered to Andrew Mellon as the site for the National Gallery of Art if its Constitution Avenue location could not be secured. He and his wife continued living in Woodley until 1947. Adolf Berle Adolf Berle, one of the architects of the New Deal, rented Woodley from Stimson in 1939. Once again, Woodley became the place of high drama. On the evening of September 1, Whittaker Chambers arrived at Woodley to tell Berle that Alger Hiss, a highly respected member of the State Department, was passing top-secret documents to the Soviets. That accusation would eventually culminate in the trial of Hiss. (He was found guilty of perjury and went to prison.) Among the many guests at Woodley during the Berle year was Secretary of State Cordell Hull, who would sneak away during afternoons to play croquet on the Woodley croquet lawn; Albert Einstein, who came to a Woodley reception; and Charles W. Yost, Berle's assistant, who was invited to view Julian Bryan's horrifying photographs of the Warsaw siege. Maret School In 1948, about a year after the Stimsons had moved out, Phillips Academy listed Woodley for sale. Initially denied their rezoning request, Maret finally received permission to operate a school in the building in June 1951, after Maret agreed to use only the first floor of the building as a school and to make no external changes to the building. In August 1952, a "major part" of the mansion was reported destroyed in a three-alarm fire, as it was being remodeled for use in the fall semester. The damage was estimated at $100,000 (). The school opened successfully in September. ==Legacy==
Legacy
Woodley Lane (later Woodley Road) in Washington, D.C., was named after the Woodley Mansion. The Woodley Society, founded at Maret in 1993, is an association of students, faculty, and alumni that studies the house's history. In 2008, the group's leader, historian Allerton Kilborne, published a book about Woodley. The group's podcast, Echoes of Woodley, tells stories surrounding the mansion. ==See also==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com