World Federation of Neurology

WFN was founded during the Sixth World Congress of Neurosciences, and at the First International Congress of Neurological Sciences, held in Brussels in July, 1957. The original idea of the WFN arose during a dinner in Antwerp in 1955. Ludo van Bogaert (Belgium, 1897–1989), Armand Lowenthal (The Netherlands, 1919–2001) and Charles Poser (Belgium, 1923–2010) discussed the formation of a club consisting mainly of neuropathologists (named were Erna Christensen, Aagot Christie Löken, Willibald Scholz, Julius Hallervorden, Hugo Spatz, Georges Schaltenbrand, Ivan Bertrand, Jean-Emmanuel Grüner) and some neurologists (MacDonald Critchley, Raymond Garcin, Georg Herman Monrad-Krohn). The purpose was primarily to collect reprints and unpublished doctoral theses in a central location (e.g. the Institute Bunge). As the discussion progressed, they thought that the group should be expanded and that other specialists should also form such "clubs". The meetings were attended by 38 national delegates representing 29 national societies from Europe, Latin American (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Peru, Uruguay), USA, Africa (South Africa) and Asia (Iran and India): WFN Presidents According to the constitution and bye-laws, the president and the secretary-treasurer general should each serve for four years. Re-election is not allowed. == World Brain Day ==

The concept of World Brain Day was born over a corridor conversation between Tissa Wijeratne, Mohommad Wasay and Vladimir Hachinski in 2010. It was formerly endorsed at the next Council of Delegates meeting with unanimous voting. WFN birthday, 22 July was selected as the Day of Brain, World Brain Day. Tissa Wijeratne and David W. Dodick, Co-Chair of the World Brain during 2023. == WFN Speciality Groups ==

Van Bogaert and the leadership of the WFN realised the importance of creating groups of international leaders in various fields of neurology. These groups were called Problem Commissions. a part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH). From 1965, it was clear that no further funding for WFN activities would come from the US Government sources. At a meeting of the WFN Executive Committee (later re-named the Council of Delegates), past and present officers of the WFN with Chairmen and Secretaries of the Problem Commissions met in Geneva in July 1966. A few did, but many Research Groups were unable to support WFN financially. John Walton's idea was that some Problem Commissions – now Research Groups – might develop into international societies that could become corporate members of the Research Committee with the payment of an annual subscription that might improve the economy of the organisation. By 2010 the groups were known as "Applied Research Groups" and in 2019 renamed to Specialty Groups. == World Neurology ==

World Neurology Journal WFN was not in a position to sponsor meetings of the Problem Commissions, who usually met during international congresses.Right from the beginning we are emphasising the international and multilingual nature of this publication as well as the variety of the aspects of neurology which we hope to cover. ... World Neurology… requests review papers on current concepts and recent advances in their field of endeavour from authorities in clinical and basic neurology and the allied disciplines. These are then translated into English, French, German, or Spanish, in each case, a language different from the one most often used by the author. An article in any language is followed by comprehensive abstracts in the other three.Seen in retrospect, publishing articles in four different languages was too ambitious and time-consuming. The Editor-in-Chief realised that standards for reviewing manuscripts varied considerably over the world. The traditions of the referee systems varied. There were considerable differences in traditions for the presentation of data, and spelling, usage, style and grammar varied. The number of subscriptions was very slow to increase. Conflicts appeared. Charles Poser was replaced with Gilbert Glaser as Editor-in-Chief in September 1961 and World Neurology stopped publication in December 1962. It later reappeared in a different form as the WFN newsletter, while a new international Journal of the Neurological Sciences was founded in 1964. World Neurology Newsletter Until Richard Masland's Presidency, the WFN newsletter was found in the Journal of the Neurological Sciences. Masland realised the importance of a separate newsletter with information of the development of the WFN, news from the Research Groups and communication about activities in the neurosciences worldwide. The first Newsletter of the World Federation of Neurology appeared as Highlights of the Meeting of the Council of Delegates and Research Committee WFN Hamburg, November 15, 1983. It contained information not only about the coming World Congress, but it also gave information about the WFN Research Groups and the development of the organisation. It then appeared in June 1984 (second announcement), November 1984 (third announcement) and as the Pre-Congress issue 15 July 1985. through Ascend Integrated Media. == Scientific Journals ==

The WFN scientific journals provides a medium for the publication of original articles in neurology and neuroscience from around the world. The journals places special emphasis on articles that: • provide guidance to clinicians around the world (Best Practices, Global Neurology); • report cutting-edge science related to neurology (Basic and Translational Sciences); • educate readers about relevant and practical clinical outcomes in neurology (Outcomes Research); and • summarise or editorialise the current state of the literature (Reviews, Commentaries, and Editorials). Journal of the Neurological Sciences The Journal of the Neurological Sciences (JNS) comprised topics from neurology-related fields that are considered to be of interest to practicing physicians around the world. Examples include neuromuscular diseases, demyelination, atrophies, dementia, neoplasms, infections, epilepsies, disturbances of consciousness, stroke and cerebral circulation, growth and development, plasticity and intermediary metabolism. The fields covered include: • neuroanatomy • neurochemistry • neuroendocrinology • neuroepidemiology • neurogenetics • neuroimmunology • neuroophthalmology • neuropathology • neuropharmacology • neurophysiology • neuropsychology • neuroradiology • neurosurgery • neurooncology • neurotoxicology • restorative neurology • tropical neurology Origins In 1964, Ludo van Bogaert and Armand Lowenthal negotiated a contract with Elsevier for a new journal, Journal of the Neurological Sciences, as the official bulletin of the WFN, with 6 issues a year. Each issue contained information from the WFN with reports from committee meetings. There were also reports from meetings of national and regional neurological societies. The scientific articles had summaries in English, French and German. Most papers were in English, but manuscripts in French or German were also accepted for publication. In 1964, Nikolai Graschenko (1901–1965) urged that the journal should also accept Russian as an official language. He pointed out that there were 5-6000 neurologists in the USSR. Van Bogaert was positive to having Russian as an official language, but pointed out that the printing costs would be too high because of the Cyrillian alphabet. eNeurologicalSci (eNS) Launched in March 2015, eNeurologicalSci is the WFN Open Access scientific journal. == World Congresses ==

Before WFN, there was no world organisation of neurology. The idea of an international neurology meeting was born in 1927, when two neurologists, Bernard Sachs (1858–1944) and Otto Marburg (1874–1948) met to discuss the needs for neurologists to come together to discuss neurosciences and progress in neurology. The following year, Bernard Sachs wrote to key figures in international neurology. The first international neuroscience meeting took place in Berne, Switzerland, in September 1931. Bernard Sachs was the Congress President, Sir Charles Sherrington (1857–1952) Vice-President and Henry Alsop Riley (1887–1966) the Secretary-General. The Congress, which was a result of a generous initiative by the American Neurological Association, brought together individuals from 42 countries of several continents. The Berne congress was important because it was the first occasion for neurologists to meet, learn from each other, and exchange views. Scheduled trans-atlantic flights between the US and London/Europe did not begin until after 1947. Progress in communication would be necessary for the future development of international neurology. The first international congress of neurosciences in which WFN was involved, took place in Rome in September 1961. The six first congresses have since been included in the sequence of World Congresses of Neurology (WCN), although they took place before WFN had been founded. ==See also==