Wuppertal

Wuppertal is located in the Bergisches Land region of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city is situated in the valley of the Wupper river, which flows through the city from east to west and is a tributary of the Rhine. Wuppertal is characterised by its steep hills and narrow valleys, giving the city a distinctive topography. Wuppertal spans an area of 168.41 square kilometers (65.02 sq mi), with elevations ranging from 100 meters (330 ft) above sea level in the river valleys to over 350 meters (1,150 ft) in the surrounding uplands. The highest point is the Lichtscheid hill at 350 meters (1,148 ft). Wuppertal is bordered by several municipalities, including Solingen, Remscheid, Hagen, and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis. The city's unique geography led to the development of the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (Wuppertal Suspension Railway), an elevated monorail that follows the course of the Wupper river through much of the city. The surrounding landscape is marked by mixed forests, agricultural land, and numerous parks, including the and the Botanischer Garten Wuppertal. Wuppertal is part of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the largest population centres in Europe. ==History==

Wuppertal in its present borders was formed in 1929 by merging the industrial cities of Barmen and Elberfeld along with the communities of Vohwinkel, Ronsdorf, Cronenberg, Langerfeld and Beyenburg. The initial name Barmen-Elberfeld was changed in a 1930 referendum to Wuppertal ("Wupper Valley"). The new city was administered as part of Prussia's Rhine Province. Uniquely for Germany, it is a "linear city", owing to the steep hillsides along the river Wupper. Its highest hill is the Lichtscheid, which is above sea level. The dominant urban centres Elberfeld (historic commercial centre) and Barmen (more industrial) have formed a continuous urbanized area since 1850. During the succeeding decades, "Wupper-Town" became the dominant industrial agglomeration of northwestern Germany. During the 20th century, this conurbation had been surpassed by Cologne, Düsseldorf and the Ruhr area, all with a more favourable topography. From 5 July 1933 to 19 January 1934 the Kemna concentration camp was established in Wuppertal. It was one of the early Nazi concentration camps, created by the Nazi Party to incarcerate their political opponents upon gaining power in 1933. The camp was established in a former factory on the Wupper in the Kemna neighborhood of the Barmen part of Wuppertal. Protestant Christians opposed to the so called German Christians adopted the Barmen Declaration in Wuppertal in 1934. By order of 10 October 1938, the 1st Light Division of the German Army was formed in Wuppertal, which in September 1939 took part in the invasion of Poland which started World War II. During the war, Nazi Germany operated a Nazi prison, two forced labour subcamps of the prison in Remscheid-Lüttringhausen and an SS construction brigade in the city. The prisoners of the SS construction brigade were Poles, Russians, French, Czechs, Romanians, Hungarians, and Greeks. Wuppertal became a part of the British Zone of Occupation, and subsequently part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia in West Germany. ==Population==

Wuppertal currently has a population of about 355,000. The number of inhabitants more than doubled in 1929 as a result of the Barmen–Elberfeld merger. The economic boom of the 1950s and 60s saw the establishment of new industry headquarters and with it an influx of workers, including migrant workers from Turkey, Greece and Italy. Population numbers during these times of as-yet unparalleled growth peaked at about 423,000 in 1963; in the 1970s, a period of steady decline followed in the wake of industrial losses. As of 31 December 2022, the largest groups of foreign residents were: ==Main sights==

In total, Wuppertal possesses over 4,500 buildings classified as national monuments, most exemplifying styles such as Neoclassicism, Eclecticism, Historicism, Art Nouveau/Jugendstil and Bauhaus. The American TV station CNN recommended Wuppertal as one of 20 places worldwide to visit in the year 2020 because of the Schwebebahn, the architectural diversity and the Nordbahntrasse, a cycle route across the city 2020. In 2031, Wuppertal will host the Federal Horticultural Show 2031. Main sights include: • 'Schwebebahn or floating tram'''''. One of the city's greatest attractions is the globally unique suspended monorail Wuppertaler Schwebebahn, which was established in 1901. The tracks are above the streets and above the Wupper. • Wuppertaler Schwebebahn Kaiserwagen A guided tour of the suspension railway in a special tram. • Wuppertal Opera (Opernhaus Wuppertal). • 'Concerthall Stadthalle''''', a fine piece of turn-of-the-century architecture with outstanding acoustics. Home of the Wuppertal Symphony Orchestra (Sinfonieorchester Wuppertal) (Stadthalle). • Wuppertal Dance Theatre (Tanztheater Wuppertal), a world-famous centre of modern dance founded by the choreographer Pina Bausch. • Engels-Haus, 18th century-architecturally typical of the region, it houses a permanent display of materials associated with the co-founder of modern Communism, Friedrich Engels. • Wuppertal Zoo, a large, nicely landscaped zoo. • Botanischer Garten Wuppertal, a municipal botanical garden. • Arboretum Burgholz, an extensive arboretum. • Von der Heydt Museum is an important art gallery with works from the 17th century to the present time. The first of Picasso's works that ever appeared in public was displayed here. • Skulpturenpark Waldfrieden, a sculpture park with exhibition hall, founded by sculptor Tony Cragg. ==Education==

Four institutions of higher education are in Wuppertal. • University of Wuppertal (Bergische Universität Wuppertal) • FOM University of Applied Sciences • Cologne University of Music, section Wuppertal • College of Theology, Wuppertal/Bethel (Theologische Zentrum Wuppertal) The privately financed Junior Uni is a unique German initiative to educate youth from the age of 4 to 18 in science outside the school program. ==Politics==

{{Multiple image|total_width=380|direction=vertical Mayor The most recent mayoral election was held on 14 September 2025, with a runoff held on 28 September and of the SPD was elected to the post. The results of the election were as follows: City council The Wuppertal city council governs the city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 14 September 2025, and the results were as follows: ==Transport==

Railways Wuppertal is well connected to the rail network. The town lies on the Cologne–Hagen and the Düsseldorf–Hagen railway lines, and is a stop for long-distance traffic. The central station is located in the district of Elberfeld. Regionalbahn trains and some Regional-Express trains also stop at Oberbarmen, Barmen, Ronsdorf and Vohwinkel. There are also S-Bahn stations in Langerfeld, Unterbarmen, Steinbeck, Zoologischer Garten and Sonnborn. The rail services that operate on the mainline through the valley are the RE 4 (Wupper-Express), RE 7 (Rhein-Münsterland-Express), RE 13 (Maas-Wupper-Express), RB 48 (Rhein-Wupper Bahn) and four Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn services: the S 7, S 8, S 9 and S 68 (peak hours only). Every 30 minutes, it is served by a long-distance (Intercity-Express, InterCity, EuroCity) service in each direction. With the exception of the line from Wuppertal to Solingen (operated as the S 7) and the Prince William Railway to Essen (now S-Bahn line S 9), all of the branch lines connecting to main line in the city of Wuppertal are now closed. This includes, among others, the Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway (the Wuppertaler Nordbahn), the Burgholz Railway, the Wuppertal-Wichlinghausen–Hattingen railway, the Wupper Valley Railway and the Corkscrew Railway. Thus, there were once 31 stations in the Wuppertal area, including nine stations on the mainline. Nowadays only ten are serviced any more. Wuppertal Hauptbahnhof is the location of the lost luggage services for Deutsche Bahn. The Wuppertal Suspension Railway, a suspended monorail, serves the city and its surroundings. It has operated since 1901. In 1950, a young elephant named Tuffi was put aboard the Wuppertal Schwebebahn (monorail), as a promotion for the Althoff Circus. The swinging tram upset the elephant, and she trumpeted, charged, and plummeted into the river below. Tuffi suffered minor injuries; she lived until 1989. In 1999, the Schwebebahn had its thus far only fatal accident. New cars were added beginning in December 2016. Between 1873 and 1987, Wuppertal was served by its own tram network. Air The city is served by Düsseldorf Airport, located northwest of Wuppertal. ==Sports==

Association football In football, Wuppertal's most popular club is Wuppertaler SV which currently play in the Regionalliga West, the fourth tier of the German football league system. Playing their home games at the city's Stadion am Zoo, the club, which enjoyed its last season in a nationwide division during the 2009–10 season, looks back on a rich and eventful history since its establishment as the result of a 1954 merger between the two main Wuppertal clubs SSV 04 Wuppertal and TSG Vohwinkel 80. The club spent a total of seven seasons in the top flight of German football, three of which in the Bundesliga, which they were promoted to during 1972. In their first season in the nationwide first division, the club reached a remarkable fourth place and qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first and only time in its history. After a first-round defeat by Polish side Ruch Chorzów and another two widely unsuccessful Bundesliga campaigns, the club disappeared from the top flight again, though, and has yet to return. During 2004, the club merged with local rivals SV Borussia Wuppertal to form Wuppertaler SV Borussia, though the name change remained the only visible attribute of the merger with the club's colours and crest remaining unaltered. The additional "Borussia" was scrapped again during 2013 due to fans' demand amidst a change of leadership which was brought about to lead the club through necessary insolvency proceedings which have been completed as of September 2014. Another noteworthy Wuppertal football club is Cronenberger SC from the district of Cronenberg. Their greatest success to date is reaching the 1952 German amateur football championship final which they lost 5–2 against VfR Schwenningen. Today, they play one tier below WSV in the Oberliga Nordrhein. Famous players include Günter Pröpper who scored 39 of WSV's 136 Bundesliga goals and West Germany international Horst Szymaniak, as well as Cronenberg's Herbert Jäger who represented Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki during his stay with the club. Team handball In handball, Wuppertal's most successful team is Bergischer HC, playing in the top-tier Handball-Bundesliga which they were promoted to for the second time during 2013, reaching 15th place during the 2013–14 campaign and therefore staying among the top scorers for a second consecutive season. BHC originates from a 2006 cooperation between the management, squad and main sponsor of LTV Wuppertal and rivals SG Solingen from the nearby city of the same name. The club advertises itself as a representative of the entire Bergisches Land region. The team plays its home games at Wuppertal's Uni-Halle (3,200 seats). Wuppertal's past most successful club are the aforementioned LTV Wuppertal. LTV spent most of their seasons in the second and third tiers, before they merged with ''Wuppertaler SV's handball section in 1996 to form HSG LTV/WSV Wuppertal. The handball combination was promoted to the Bundesliga after its inaugural season, finishing 8th before dissolving again in 1998. However, the mere departure of Wuppertaler SV still allowed LTV Wuppertal, whose professional team were renamed HC Wuppertal'', to play another three seasons in the Bundesliga before returning to the 2nd division and re-introducing its old name. After the establishment of BHC in 2006, LTV lost its financial base and was relegated several times, currently playing in the fifth-tier Verbandsliga. Volleyball In volleyball, SV Bayer Wuppertal was one of Germany's leading men's teams for many years during the 1990s and 2000s. The team was part of the well-known mass-sports club originating in Leverkusen and was promoted to the Bundesliga in 1978. Reacting to low attendances, the eponymous Bayer AG decided to relocate the volleyball team to Wuppertal in 1992, where there also was a Bayer-funded club. After the move, the club won various titles, including the German championship in 1994 and 1997 and the German Cup in 1995. In addition to that, they finished runners-up to Greek side Olympiacos S.C. in the 1995–96 European Cup Winners' Cup, losing the final in five sets. After the wide-reaching retreat of Bayer AG from less popular professional sport during 2008, the club acquired the name Wuppertal Titans and later A!B!C Titans Berg. Land. However, the loss of their main sponsor eventually resulted in the team having to terminate during 2012. Presently, they once more play by the name of Bayer Wuppertal in the third-tier Regionalliga, unable to promote with their current financial set-up. Basketball Perhaps one of the most successful Wuppertal sports clubs was the '''women's basketball team of Barmer TV' (known as BTV Wuppertal between 1994 and 2000, BTV Gold-Zack Wuppertal between 2000 and 2002 and Wuppertal Wings'' internationally). An 11-time German champion and 12-time German Cup winner, they won a remarkable ten consecutive doubles between 1993 and 2002. During 1996, they even won the European Cup as the first and so far only German side, beating Italy's SFT Como in the final. A year later, they narrowly missed out on back-to-back trebles, losing to French side CJM Bourges in the newly christened EuroLeague's final. In 2002, the club withdrew from the Bundesliga due to financial troubles, their then-main sponsor Gold-Zack Werke filing for insolvency a year later. After a decade-long stay in amateur divisions, Barmer TV returned to the second-tier 2nd Bundesliga North in 2014. Wuppertal co-hosted the 1998 FIBA World Championship for Women as one of seven host cities. Roller hockey In roller hockey, Wuppertal club RSC Cronenberg are one of the most successful German teams, having won the German championship and the German Cup in both men's and women's competitions. In total, the men won 13 German championships and nine cups, the women ten championships and nine cups. Both teams play their home games at Alfred-Henckels-Halle. Wuppertal hosted several international tournaments, including the World Championship in 1997 (men) and 2004 (women) and the European Championship in 1992, 2010 (men) and 2011 (women). ==Wuppertal in the arts==

• In the 1974 Wim Wenders movie Alice in the Cities, the main characters visit Wuppertal. • Part of the action of (1984) of the comic book Yoko Tsuno series by Roger Leloup take place in Wuppertal and its ''''. • The play Die Wupper by Else Lasker-Schüler is set in Elberfeld. • The 2000 movie The Princess and the Warrior, by Tom Tykwer, was filmed in Wuppertal. • The 2001 movie '''', by Benjamin Quabeck, was filmed in Wuppertal. • In the 2011 movie Pina, several of the dance sequences take place in and around Wuppertal. In several sequences, the elevated tram is used as a setting, as well as a backdrop. ==Twin towns – sister cities==

Wuppertal is twinned with: • South Tyneside, England, United Kingdom (1951) • Saint-Étienne, France (1960) • Tempelhof-Schöneberg (Berlin), Germany (1964) • Beersheba, Israel (1977) • Košice, Slovakia (1980) • Schwerin, Germany (1987) • Matagalpa, Nicaragua (1987) • Legnica, Poland (1993) • Kamianske, Ukraine (2025) Sister suspension railway • Shonan Monorail, Japan The Wuppertal Suspension Railway is twinned with Shonan Monorail since 2018. The Shonan Monorail is located in Kanagawa, Japan and connects the cities between Kamakura and Fujisawa. Both suspended railways made a campaign of their twinning in 2018. ==Notable people==

• Ian Ashley (born 1947), British-German Formula One driver • Christian Lindner (born 1979), politician • Pina Bausch (1940–2009), choreographer known for her work with the Wuppertal Dance Theater, died in Wuppertal • Friedrich Bayer (1825–1880), founder of the Friedrich Bayer paint factory, later Bayer AG • Greta Bösel (1908–1947), concentration camp guard executed for war crimes • Gyles Brandreth (born 1948), English writer, broadcaster, actor, and former British Conservative Member of Parliament • Arno Breker (1900–1991), sculptor • Peter Brötzmann (1941–2023), free jazz musician • Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970), philosopher of science • Udo Dirkschneider (born 1952), singer and songwriter • Rudolf Dreßler (1940–2025), politician and ambassador • George Dreyfus (born 1928), Australian bassoonist, composer • Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850–1909), psychologist who studied memory • Friedrich Engels (1820–1895), philosopher, historian, coauthor of The Communist Manifesto (with Karl Marx) • Kurt Franz (1914–1998), SS Officer, major perpetrator of genocide during the Holocaust, died in Wuppertal • Daniel Gerlach (born 1977), journalist • Hans Grüneberg (1907–1982), British geneticist, born in Wuppertal. • Marco Goecke, (born 1972) choreographer • Vincenzo Gualtieri, professional boxer • Christoph Maria Herbst (born 1966), actor and comedian • Carolina Hermann (born 1988), figure skater • Felix Hoffmann (1868–1946), scientist, synthesized aspirin while working at a Bayer facility in Wuppertal • Raimund Hoghe (1949–2021), choreographer, dancer, film maker, journalist, and author • Werner Hoyer (born 1951), politician (FDP), President of the European Investment Bank • Ignaz Kirchner (1946–2018), actor • Linda Kisabaka (born 1969), middle-distance runner • Hans Knappertsbusch (1888–1965), orchestra conductor • Peter Kowald (1944–2002), free jazz musician • Adolph Hermann Josef Kuhrs, later Adolph Coors, (1847-1929), brewer • Hans Peter Luhn (1896–1964), computer scientist • Else Lasker-Schüler (1869–1945), expressionist poet • Harald Leipnitz (1926–2000), actor • Ulrich Leyendecker (1946–2018), composer • Reimar Lüst (1923–2020), astrophysicist • Hans Moller (1905–2000), painter • Steffen Möller (born 1969), satirist and actor in Poland • Sylkie Monoff, singer-songwriter • Franz Yaakov Orgler (1914-2015), track and field athlete • Simone Osygus (born 1968), swimmer • Siegfried Palm (1927–2005), cellist, director of Hochschule für Musik Köln, general manager of Deutsche Oper Berlin • Julius Plücker (1801–1868), physicist • Kolja Pusch (born 1993), footballer • Johannes Rau (1931–2006), politician (SPD), former Federal President of Germany. • Hans Reichel (1949–2011), composer, recording artist, and inventor of the Daxophone • Emil Rittershaus (1834–1897), poet • Alice Schwarzer (born 1942), one of the leaders of the German second wave feminism • Annette Seiltgen (born 1964), operatic singer • Hans Singer (1910–2006), British economist • Ilse Steppat (1917–1969), actress • Rita Süssmuth (1937–2026), politician, tenth president of the Bundestag • Horst Tappert (1923–2008), actor • Helmut Thielicke (1908–1986), theologian • Stephen Timoshenko (1878–1972), Russian engineer and academician • Bettina Tietjen (born 1960), television presenter • Tom Tykwer (born 1965), movie director and composer • Günter Wand (1912–2002), composer and orchestra conductor • Ute Vinzing (born 1936), operatic soprano • Henrik Freischlader (born 1982), blues guitarist, singer, songwriter, producer • Wolf Hoffmann (born 1959), metal guitarist, initiator of the musical band Accept • Armin T. Wegner (1886–1978), soldier, medic, human rights activist • Mathilde Wesendonck (1828–1902), poet, author, artist, muse of Richard Wagner • Hubert Tigges (1895–1971), German tour operator and travel organizer; founder (1928) of the Wuppertal-based study-tour company Dr. Tigges-Fahrten, later one of the four firms that merged to form TUI in 1968. In the 1950s he collaborated with Luis Riu Bertrán in developing German tourism in the Balearic Islands, particularly through early charter travel to Mallorca; he is commemorated locally by the Dr.-Tigges-Weg in Elberfeld. ==Gallery==

Wuppertal Friedrichstraße 0003.jpg|Typical steep street in Wuppertal Cragg Skulpturenpark 05.JPG|Waldfrieden sculpture park - Tony Cragg's Points of View (2008) Burgholz45.jpg|View of Burgholz woods with typical Bergisches farmerhouse oelberg wuppertal.jpg|Panoramic view of the Ölberg quarter in Wuppertal Wuppertal, Johannes-Rau-Platz nach N, Rathaus-Hauptfassade.jpg|City Hall in the district of Barmen GER Wuppertal, Schauspielhaus 005.jpg|The Schauspielhaus theatre Schwimmoper an der Südstraße im Wohnquartier Elberfeld-Mitte im Stadtbezirk Elberfeld der kreisfreien Stadt Wuppertal in Nordrhein-Westfalen A1.jpg|The swimming arena "Schwimmoper" Elisenturm Wuppertal.jpg|Elisenturm Zoo Gaststätten Wuppertal 001.jpg|Wuppertal Zoo Wuppertal kaiserwagen.jpg|Special tours with the historical 'Kaiserwagen' Vohwinkeler-Flohmarkt-2.jpg|World's largest 'one day flea market' Wuppertal Hardt 0142.jpg|Botanic garden and view over the city Wuppertal Hardt 0165.jpg|The central 'Hardt' park Wuppertal_Schwebebahn_Generation_15.jpg|The current generation of the Schwebebahn Burgholz28.jpg|The river Wupper in the woods of Wuppertal Burgholz65.jpg|View from the Kiesberg woods Bergische Synagoge.jpg|A synagogue in the district of Barmen Wuppertal_Beyenburg_-_Klosterkirche_02.jpg|Abbey Wuppertal-Beyenburg ==See also==