Around 211, Yang Qiu joined a coalition of warlords in the
Guanzhong region, led by
Ma Chao and
Han Sui, and rebelled against the Han central government, which was under the control of the warlord
Cao Cao. Cao Cao's forces defeated the coalition at the
Battle of Tong Pass, after which Yang Qiu fled to
Anding Commandery (安定郡; around present-day
Pingliang,
Gansu). In the winter of 211, Cao Cao led an army from
Chang'an to attack and besiege Yang Qiu in Anding Commandery. Yang Qiu surrendered. He was restored of his former titles awarded by the Han imperial court and allowed to remain in his former territory in northwestern China and pacify the people there. Yang Qiu served in the state of
Cao Wei during the
Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han dynasty in 220. In
Cao Pi's reign, he was appointed as General Who Attacks Bandits (討寇將軍) and gradually rose through the ranks until he was enfeoffed as the Marquis of Linjing (臨涇侯). He died of natural causes. ==See also==