Shengli Oil Field

The Shengli Oil Field lies within the delta where the Yellow River flows out into the Bohai Sea. The conditions in the delta are difficult, with shifting soils, high temperatures, and high salinity. The oil has a water cut that reaches above 95%, is highly viscous, as thin as , and 92% lies deeper than . Some reservoirs are as deep as . It is estimated that the field originally had 5.21 billion tons of oil, mostly onshore, but including some offshore reservoirs. The various reservoirs within the oil field have very different oil quality, although overall the oil has high levels of octane as opposed to gasoline. ==Management and impact==

s in 2012 The Shengli Oil Field is the second largest oil field in China, after the Daqing Oil Field. it is also one of the oldest. The daily production of crude oil is approximately . Throughout its period of operation, it has produced a fifth of all the crude oil from China and half of all oil from the Bohai Sea. The Shengli Oil Field Company, or Shengli Petroleum Administration Bureau, is a subsidiary of Sinopec. The most productive of these reservoirs are the Cenozoic Guantao and Shahejie formations. The oil field has underpinned the economic development of the region. The growth of the oil industry around the Yellow River delta led to the creation of the city of Dongying on 1 October 1983. Gudao Town was established in November 1992 to cover a settlement that had developed around the Gudao Oil Extraction Factory. Xianhe Town is also built around the oil industry. ==History==

The Shengli Oil Field was discovered on 16 April 1961 when the Hua 8 well was drilled. Large-scale extraction began on 25 January 1964. Output had increased to 10.8 million tons by 1973, and exceeded 11 million in 1974. 1974 also saw the completion of a pipeline to transport oil directly to ports near Qingdao. Output peaked at 33.55 million tons in 1991. Output of natural gas averaged from 1975 to 1998, peaking in 1989 with . The decline since then was slightly arrested in the 21st century, and was in 2008. ==Enhanced oil recovery and carbon capture==

Research into enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has taken place as output was expected to decline. Chemical EOR methods were first trialled in 1991, and by the 2010s chemical EOR was producing 3 million tons each year. Thermal methods of EOR are also used. Overall output is expected to continue to decline. The use of carbon dioxide injection methods for EOR allows for the EOR process to also be used for carbon capture and storage (CCS). The most depleted oil reservoirs were the ones near Dongying, and thus near power plants producing carbon dioxide emissions. This is intended by Sinopec to contribute to China's net-zero by 2060 plans. ==Other industries==

The Shengli Oil Field Company has expanded its economic interests into other industries, often linked with oil, such as chemical industries, machine-building, and electronics. Production reached 171 tons daily in the Fanye-1 Well on 3 November, the highest output of a shale oil well in China. A Shale Oil National Demonstration Zone has been established in the oil field. The area has also seen investment in solar and wind power, through projects such as the Bozhong Offshore Wind Power Project. Combined, as of 2024 both produced more energy for Dongying than thermal power. The offshore areas have wind speed averages of around at above the sea surface, and receive 5,253 MJ/m2 of radiation energy from the sun. ==References==